专题4 推理判断题-备战2022年高考英语阅读理解微技能培养与训练

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专题 4 推理判断题

【方法指导】

推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要

弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。

1.抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理

做此类试题时，要善于某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理判断，利用逆向思维

或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断

做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来进行推理判断，

确定最佳结论。

3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断

几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的

写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真

阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心

理特点几发展变化，从而进行正确的逻辑判断很有好处。

4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度

作者的态度、倾向是作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞

颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于

修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

5.根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论

逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻

辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写

作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按照事件发展的经过描写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。

6.结合自己已有的知识进行推断

知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章意

思的结论的的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。解答此类题不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础

知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有充分的理解

【典例1】

Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don't want to read stories about everyday life. As

a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be "bad" news.

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?

　　A. You often play football with your friends after school.

　　B. Your teacher has got a cold.

　　C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught.

　　D. The bike in front of your house is lost.

【解析】根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案

应为C。

【典例2】广东卷

Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are and far

between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we

are brave when we are scared.

In this passage, the author advises us to ______.

A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others

C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery

[解析]答案是C。本小题是问从文章最后一段中推断出作者对我们的建议是，根据上面文章所提供的信息：

it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are

scared。由此细节，我们可以推断出我们应该承认我们的“weakness”。

【典例3】

While Jennifer was at hose taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor a few hundred miles

away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how

frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the

room. Her Internet access was locked — remotely — to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was

analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she

had in the past? Or was she slowing down?

In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of

online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in

general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and

diplomas are valid — that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers...

Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

A. To correct her typing mistakes. B. To find her secrets in the room.

C To prevent her from slowing down. D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors.

[解析]答案是D。由第三段第一句 In the battle against cheating 可知，前面两段对 Jennifer 在家考试中受监控

器的监控的具体描述是为了防止她作弊。

【典例4】

……

The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he

whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive

costume, finally she agreed.

What can be inferred about Tom’s mother?

A. She was a rich lady B. She refused Tom’s request

C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain

[解析] 答案是D 由第三段 Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive

costume, finally she agreed.可知，她并不富有，但最终还是同意了 Tom 的请求，为他购买昂贵的戏装，由此

推断，她是希望 Tom 能度过痛苦关。由had avoided buying the expensive costume 可排除选项 A；由 finally

she agreed 可排除选项 B；她同意为他购买昂贵的戏装其目的不是希望他真正成为超人，故排除选项 C。

【典例5】

The city of Rome has passed a new to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and

dog owners must walk their dogs...

The new law passed in Rome will _____

A. help improve fishing environment B. guarantee better conditions for goldfish

C. stop people from catching goldfish D. discourage keeping goldfish at home

[解析]答案是B。文章第一段指出罗马通过了一项新的法律，禁止对动物的残忍行为，不允许再用鱼缸饲

养金鱼。由此可推断，这项新的法律会确保金鱼有更好的生存条件。

【典例6】

Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very

well. Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-

year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his

imagination...

What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To tell us an interesting story. B. To help us make right decisions.

C. To advise us to care about children. D. To encourage us to use our imagination.

[解析]答案是D。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.

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