初中英语语法基础——时态专题讲解教案 (附同步练习题)

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初中英语语法基础 时态专题讲解
教学内容: 初中英语时态知识点归纳、讲解、复习;
教学目标: 掌握初中阶段常见几种时态类型;掌握各时态的定义、用法和区别;
教学重点与难点:句子中时间状语(时间点/)的判断,谓语动词形式的变化,时态的比较与区分。
时态 1:一般现在时
1、一般现在时的定义
  1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
  2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
  3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
  2、一般现在时的构成
  1. be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
  2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单
(he, she,it 或其它相当于第三人称的词)时,要在动词后加"-s""-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.
  3、一般现在时的变化
  1. be 动词的变化。
  否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
  一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
  2.行为动词的变化。
  否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.
  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesn't 构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
  补充:动词三单的变化规则
  1.一般情况下,直接加 s,如:cook-cooks, stay-stays
  2.以 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾,加 es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 yi, 再加-es,如:study-studies
4. 以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-es,如:stay-stays play-plays
课堂练习:
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
  1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
  2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
  3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
  4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
  5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
  6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
  7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
  8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
  9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
  10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
1
时态 2:一般过去时
1、定义:
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间 yesterday,
this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …,
when, in the past 连用。
如:What did you do yesterday?
  I met Lin Tao this morning.
Tom was just there a moment ago.
2、基本结构:
be① 动词:主语+be(was/ were) + 其它.(形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间)
如:I was short when I was 10 years old.
There was a music room in our school before.
The cat was under my bed just now.
Were you the best student in the class?
② 行为动词:
A.肯定句: 主语+ 动词过去式 +其它. 如:She visited his grandparents two days ago.
B.否定句: 主语+didn’t +动词原形+其它. 如:I didn't know you were so busy.
C.一般疑问句: Did +主语+动词原形+其它? 如:Did you watch the TV program last night?
Did his father read the newpapers just now?
3、时间标志词:yesterday, yesterday morning afternoon/evening ),just now 刚才,before 以前,
thenat that time ) 当时,last +时间 (如 last week, month, year, spring, weekend… , that +时间 (如
that day, afternoon, summer,…),时间 + ago (如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago, years ago,…
4、动词过去式的变化
规则变化:
① 一般情况直接+ed 如:work-worked play-played
②以e结尾的词只加-d 如:live-lived dance-danced
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变 yi再加-ed 如:study-studied
④ 以“辅元辅”字母结尾的词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed. 如:stop-stopped plan-planned
不规则变化:参考动词过去式不规则变化表
课堂练习:
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom and Mary ________ (come) to China last month.
2. Mike _________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.So he ______ (get) up late.
3. Mary ________ (read) English yesterday morning.
4. Tom ________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.
5. My mother ________ (not do) housework yesterday.
6. There _________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)
7. ---When _______ you _______ (come) to china? ---Last year.
8. ______ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?
9. How many people ______ (be) there in your class last term?
10. There ______ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I ______ (have) no time to watch it.
2
时态 3:一般将来时
1、定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow,
next week, next year , soon, in a month 等。
2、构成
一般将来时由“助动词 will+动词原形”构成。在口语中,will 在名词或代词后常缩写为'llwill not
won’t
He will help his sister with her lessons.
We won't be free this afternoon.
Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
—You've left the light on. (你忘了关灯了。)
—Oh , so I have. I'll go and turn it off. (噢,那我马上去关。)
3、一般将来时的其他表达法:
(1)“be going to + 动词原形”表将来
① 这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?
They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。
② 还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。
I think I'm going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)
Look at the cloud. It’s going to rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。(乌云密布,使我断定天要下雨)
The ice is going to break.冰就要破了。
③ 这种表示、预定会在这况下think, hope, want, believe, like”等表
态的动词连用。
He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.及格,他试卷
考不及格
(2)用“be + V.ing”表示将来
come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive 等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏
When are you going back to your factory? 你什么时候
He is not coming.他不来了。
They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们天下午到达。
(3)“be about to+动词原形”表将来
“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的词或其他时间状语连用。
The English evening is about to start.英语会即将开始
The ship is about to sail.轮船马上就要启航
(4)“be to+动词原形”表将来
“be to+动词原形”表示定的、计划中的或按职责、义要发生的动作,这种动作常是人的
所能控制的,或用于征求意见。
There's to be a slide show this afternoon.天下放幻灯。
If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成,他就必须拼命干。
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初中英语语法基础——时态专题讲解教案 (附同步练习题).docx

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