初中英语语法基础 ——动词不定式知识点归纳讲解与同步练习 (有答案)

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初中英语语法基础 —— 动词不定式知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)
一、动词不定式的简介
动词不定式 (to do) 是初中英语语法的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个考点。动词不定式属于非谓语动
词的一种形式,动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。结构上动词不定式是由“ to+
动词原形”构成 (有些动词后可以接不带 to 的不定式)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”。
二、动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式作为非谓语动词的一种,保留了原来动词的意思,形式上不能独立作谓语,但可以承担句子
其他成分。动词不定式 (短语) 具有名词、形容词和副词等词性的功能,可在句中作为以下几种句子成分使
用:
(一)、不定式做主语:
置于句首,也可用 it 代替其做形式主语,动词不定式放在后面。
例:To nish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
= It is very hard to nish the work in ten minutes. (后面的不定式才是真正的主语)
It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
初中英语常见句型: It's+ 形容词 + for/of + sb. + to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是……(怎么样
)
  注意:此句型中的形容词用于描述 for 的对象所做的不定式动作时,通常表示动作的特性、意义等,
常用 easydi"cultimportantpossibleimpossibledangerous 等词;而当形容词用于描述 of
的 对 象 时 , 通 常 表 示 人 的 性 格 、 品 质 等 , 常 用
kindnicegoodpolitecleverfoolishrightwrong 等词。
It’s important for us to learn English. (句中important learn English
事的意义)
It's very kind of him to give you the invitation. (kind 是用来形容 him 这个人的
)
(二)、不定式做表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
What I would suggest is to put o the meeting.
What he hoped was to become an astronaut when he was a little boy.***
The best way is to join an English club.
(三)、不定式做宾语:
1
  例:would you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle.
plan 用法一样的词还有:startwantagreehopebegindecide, expect, advise 等。
ndthinkfeel 等词后作宾语时,常用 it 代替,动词不定式放在后面。
I found it very di"cult to get a job. (it 为形式宾语)
注意:当两个或多个动词不定式并列时,第一个动词不定式加 to,后面的动词不定式省略 to
例:I want to visit him and ask for some help.
(四)、不定式做宾语补足语:
  (1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带 to
  例:I asked a friend to read it to me.
    (2) 在表示感觉、使/让……等意义的动词
(seewatchhearfeelnoticeobservemakelethavehelp )后不带 to。但
意变被动语态时要还原 to
例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
My friend were made to work the whole night. (被动语态)
(五)、不定式做定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面,即后置定语。
例:There is nothing to worry about.
Vinny is the rst disabled person to sail around the world.
(六)、不定式做状语:表示目的、原因、结果等。
例:They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.(目的)
We are very glad to meet you again.(原因)
The policemen searched the house only to nd nothing.(结果)
、“问词+ ”用法:可带 whatwhowhichwherewhenhow
等疑问词,这种不定式结构相当于名词性短语,可在句中做主语、宾语或表语。
例:What to do next is still a question for me. (做主语)
He didn't tell me where to go. (做宾语)
The problem is where to nd him. (作表语)
(八)、“ to be + 过去分词)” 用:表达不定式的被动语态意义。
  例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.
(九)、插入性独立成分:
这种不定式独立与句子之外,与主句隔开,放在句首,表示说话者的态度、评讲、语气等 ,to be
honestto begin withto be sureto tell you the truthto be truthfulto be brief 等。
例:To begin with, it’s dark outside. And besides, we don’t have a car.
To tell you the truth, we don’t want to trouble you.
2
(十)、动词不定式的其他搭配用法:
1)too +adj.+ to do 太……而不能…… He is too young to go to school.
2)adj./ adv. +enough to do 足够……做…… He is not enough to go to school.
3)would rather(not) do than do 比起做……,更愿意做…… (省略 to 的不定式)
We would rather go to the beach than stay at home.
动词不定式专项练习:
分类练习:
(一)不定式作宾语
1.Weagreed____herebutsofarhehasn’tturnedupyet.
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havegone
3.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforgot_____.
A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff
(二)不定式作宾补
1.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
2.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.
A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow
3.Asyou’veneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeone____youtheway.
A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed
(三)不定式作定语
1.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofour
company.
A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade
2.Hisfirstbook______nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished
3.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine______theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.
A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce
()“疑问词+不定式”
1.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.
A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects
2.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
3
初中英语语法基础 ——动词不定式知识点归纳讲解与同步练习 (有答案).docx

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作者:envi 分类:初中 价格:3知币 属性:8 页 大小:25.22KB 格式:DOCX 时间:2025-03-27

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