人教版七年级上英语教材知识体系与知识点整理

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Pronunciation
同于是拼和拼直接
系。因此,掌握英语语音基本知识是学好英语的基础。在本套教材
七年级上、下册以及八年级上册中,我们结合每个单元的内容,设
计了“音素、音标——字母与字母组合的读音——朗读技巧”三个
阶段的语音训练,来帮助学生学习英语语音。
Ⅰ.字母发音
Aa /e/ Hh /et/ Oo // Vv /i:/
Bb /bi:/ Ii /a/ Pp /pi:/ Ww /dbǀj:/
Cc /si:/ Jj /de/ Qq / kj:/ Xx /eks /
Dd /di:/ Kk /ke / Rr /ɑ: (r)/ Yy /wa/
Ee / i:/ Ll /eǀ/ Ss /es/ Zz /zed/, /zi:/
Ff /e/ Mm /em/ Tt /ti:/
GG /di:/ Nn /en / Uu /j:/
Ⅱ.英语语音音素
语共44 个音素,中元20 个,辅音 24 英语辅音
元音在语言中的作用相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的
符号叫作音标,本套教材以最新“国际音标”来标记英语字母和单
词的读音。音标放在两条斜线(//)内,以免和字母混淆。
1. 元音
/i:/ // /e/ /æ/ /ə/ / ɜ:/ /ɑ:/ / ʌ//ɔ:/ /ɒ/ /:/ /ʊ/
/ / /a/ /I/ /ə/ /a/ // /eə/ /ə/
2. 辅音
清音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ / h/
浊音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ / r/
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ǀ/ / w/ / j/
为了方便学生学习,我们把四个辅音连缀(/ts//dz//tr//
dr/)也放在这里。另处上述音素为英式发音。
Ⅲ. 英语字母在单词中的读音
1. 元音字母与元音字母组合在重读音节中读音
a /e/ game late name plane sale same take table
David
/æ/ bat bag black dad fat math map thank happy
jacket
/ɒ/ or/ɑ:/ watch what want
/ɑ:/ or/æ/
(在 f, s, th 等前)
after ask last class basketball father
al /ɔ:/ all ball call small talk walk
ay /eɪ/ day May play say
ar /ɑ:/ art car card party March star
e /i:/ he me she we these
/e/ bed egg help ten get desk let next sell twelve
ea /i:/ eat please speak easy teacher
/e/ head bread breakfast healthy sweater
ee /i:/ beef green meet need see free three week
fifteen
er /ɜ: (r)/ her hers term
ear /ə(r)/or/ɪr/ dear near hear clear
i /a/ like nice nine price time white tidy
// big quilt thing think trip with middle
ir /ɜ: (r)/ first girl shirt skirt third birthday thirty
o /əʊ/ no go so old those clothes phone photo sofa
/ɒ/or/ɑ:/, /ɔ:/ box clock dog long lost sock dollar modal
/ ʌ/
( 在 m,n, th,
v前)
come love month son brother mother Monday
oo /ʊ/ book good look foot
/:/ cool food room school too
or /ɔ: (r)/ short sport morning
ou /aʊ/ found sound about trousers
ow /aʊ/ brown how now
oy // boy toy
u / j:/ music excuse student Tuesday useful computer
// but cup fun lunch much must number subject uncle
/ :/ blue June ruler
ur /ɜ: (r)/ turn burger purple Thursday
2. 元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音
a /ə/(/ə (r)/) about China salad sofa banana vegetable
e/i hello science April
o/or carrot second favorite tomato color doctor
ar/er dollar brother dinner under number
u/ur August difficult Saturday
e /ɪ/ eraser eleven relaxing
i English evening morning music
2. 辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音
b /b/ bat ball Bob
c /k/ call can music
/s/ city pencil price
d /d/ dad date read
f /f/ father fun after
g /g/ get go big
/dʒ/orange geography vegetable
h /h/ head happy heavy
j /dʒ/ July jacket subject
k /k/ key book week
l /ǀ/ look like July
m /m/ map math game
n /n/ name need nine
p /p/ pen party cup
r /r/ red rice bread
s /s/ some sister sock
/z/ his always yours
t /t/ tape table set
v /v/ very vegetable have
w /w/ week well watch
x /ks/ six exciting excuse
/gz/ exam example
y /j/ yes your yellow
z /z/ zero zoo size
ch /tʃ/ chair teacher March
ck /k/ black chicken Jack
dr /dr/ draw drum children
ds /dz/ beds cards sounds
kn /n/ know knife
ng /ŋ/ long English morning
nk /ŋk/ think thank Frank
ph /f/phone photo geography
qu /kw/ quilt queen question
sh /ʃ/ she shoe finish
tch /tʃ/ watch match catch
th /θ/ thank thing math
/ð/ that this brother
tr/tr/ trip trousers strawberry
ts /ts/ bats hats habits
wh /w/ what white when
/h/ who whose whole
wr /r/ writer wrong write
Ⅳ.英音和美音的读音简要对比
情况 英音 美音
1. r,
在何种情况下字母 r都发音。
sport/spɔ: t/
star/stɑ:(r)/
first/fɜ:st/
sport /spɔ: rt/
star/stɑ:r/
first/fɜ: rst/
2. a
/ɑ:/
a/æ/,但有的词例外,例
如:father, calm
ask/ɑ:sk/
after/ɑ:ftə(r)/
father/fɑ:ðə(r)/
calm/kɑ:m/
ask/æsk/
after/æftə(r)/
father/fɑ:ðə(r)/
calm/kɑ:m/
3. 英 式 英 语 中 长 短 音 比 较 明
确,而美式英语中基本上不
分长短音,短元音可以读成
长元音,例如:
1在英式英语中许多单
/ɒ/
box/bɒks/
sock/sɒk/
long/ǀɒŋ/
want/wɒnt/
box/bɑ:ks/
sock/sɑ:k/
long/ǀɔ:ŋ/
want/wɑ:nt/;/wɔ:nt/
人教版七年级上英语教材知识体系与知识点整理.doc

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