上海市七宝中学2020-2021学年高一下学期英语摸底考试含答案

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上海市七宝中学 2020-2021 学年高一下学期英语摸底考试

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

(A) Positive tales

“No one can promise that life will be fair,” but (1)________ _________ what happens, follow the example

set by Rehan Staton, and never lose sight of your goal.

Staton, a 24-year-old former sanitation (环卫) worker in Maryland, US, recently celebrated his acceptance into

Harvard Law School.

Staton’s life was relatively normal (2)_________ a series of setbacks impacted his family life and studies.

“Things were pretty good. But when I was 8 years old, my mom abandoned my dad, my brother and me after she

moved back to Sri Lanka,” he said. When he was in seventh grade, a teacher even recommended that he

(3)________ (place) in special education classes. His brother Reggie then brainstormed ways to help boost his

grades. An aerospace engineer also oﬀered to tutor him free of charge. Staton’s grades did improve and he became

an honor student.

However, he was rejected by every college he (4)_________(apply) for. So to help support himself and his

family, Staton began working at a sanitation company. He spent his days transporting trash and cleaning dumpsters,

(5)_________(wake) up every morning to get dressed around 4 am. “The sanitation workers were the only people

in my life who told me I (6)_______ be somebody,” Staton said. “They would say, ‘You’re too young to be here.

Go to college, and come back if it doesn’t work out’.” The son of the company’s owner helped Staton contact a

professor at Bowie State University, and the university eventually accepted Staton. Things began to look up. Two

years later, he transferred to the University of Maryland to continue pursuing his undergraduate degree. But Staton

still struggled to pay for his father’s medical bills. He’d work in the morning and take classes in the afternoon.

After graduation, Staton worked at a national consulting ﬁrm (7) ________ applying for law school. He plans to

start at Harvard this fall, (8) ________ he will major in sports law to pursue his dream of becoming a sports agent.

“For Rehan, the sky is truly the limit. (9)________ he chooses to do in the future, he will deﬁnitely achieve,”

said a chief operating oﬃcer of Staton’s ﬁrm. For (10)_______ is looking for inspiration during diﬃcult times,

Staton recommends to “love yourself enough to get what you want out of life,” he told news outlet ABC. “You can

always see the light in any dark situation, and you need to hold on to that light.”

(B) How dishonest are students?

I teach philosophy to college students, and there was no way I was going to give them exams this semester,

with our classes being held online. Why not? Simple —cheating. It is nothing personal with these particular

students, but I have read enough psychological research to know that it (11)________ (be) very hard for them to

resist looking for help in places where they are not supposed to, such as their notes, their friends and the internet.

I am fortunate that papers are a great alternative means of assessment in philosophy courses. But they do not

work so well in certain other ﬁelds, like the sciences. In this time of widespread, online learning and home-

schooling, what can be done to curb cheating exams?

One solution is remote proctoring (监考) (12)________ the students is video-recorded during the exam, with

any suspicious web browsing reported. Eﬀective as that might be, it strikes me as a crude approach, relying as it

does on active surveillance, which creates an overt atmosphere of distrust. Naturally enough there are also privacy

concerns.

Instead I suggest that a practice that has been used widely in other educational contexts (13)______ (extend)

to the world of online testing: pledging one’s honor. Not only (14) ______ honor pledges help curb cheating,but

they also promote honesty. Students who abide by them refrain from cheating not because they can’t, but because

they choose not to.

It is easy to be cynical (冷嘲的) about honor pledges and honor codes. They can seem to be — and sadly too

often are — public relations stunts ( 噱头 ) for schools looking to burnish their image. But many schools and

programs, from elementary to graduate level, take their honor codes seriously. Signing an honor code (15)______

serve as a moral reminder. As we know from both ordinary life and recent experimental ﬁndings, most of us are

willing to cheat to some extent if we think it would be rewarding and we can get away with it. At the same time, we

also want to think of ourselves as honest people and genuinely believe that cheating is wrong. But our more

honorable intentions can be pushed to one side in our minds when there arise tempting opportunities, even if by

cheating. What a moral reminder can do, then, is (16)_______ (help) to place our values front and center in our

minds.

This is borne out by recent ﬁndings in the lab. In a widely cited study, Nina Mazar at the Questrom School of

Business at Boston University and her colleagues had one group of students take a 20-problem test (17) _______

which they would be paid 50 cents per correct answer. It was a hard test — students averaged only 3.4 correct

answers. A second group of students took the same test, but they graded their own work and reported their

“scores” with no questions asked. The average in this group was 6.1 correct answers, suggesting some cheating.

The third and most interesting group, though, began by signing an honor code and then took the test, followed by

grading their own work. The result? An honorable 3.1 correct answers. Cheating was eliminated at the group level.

Signing the honor code (18) _______ (work).

So far research of honor codes and cheating (19)_______ (conduct) typically in face-to-face environments.

But as we settle into the routine of online instruction, we should consider trying to extend the impact of an honor

code virtually as well. Honor codes won’t eliminate cheating. Deeply dishonest students will not be deterred ( 制

止). But fortunately, the research conﬁrms (20) ___________ experience suggests: Most students are not deeply

dishonest.

Dune is a novel written by Frank Herbert, which is set hundreds of years in the future. In the novel, building

computers (21)_____ (forbid). (This is because, in the novel’s past, ‘(22)_____ (think) machines’ became so

powerful that they almost took over the world.) Instead, there are Mentats—humans (23)_____ (train) to perform

the kinds of calculations and analysis that you will normally expect a computer to carry out.

(24)_____ _____ Mentats are a fictional creation, human computers are a real part of history. In fact, the

word ‘computer’ was first used more than 300 years ago and referred to a person (25)_____ job was to perform

mathematical calculations. In the middle of the 18th century, a French mathematician called Clairault wanted to

calculate the date when Halley’s Comet (哈雷彗星) (26)_____ (return). Although he knew (27)_____ to do this, the

calculations themselves were extremely complex, so he shared the work with several ‘computers’ who helped him

arrive at the correct answer.

In the 19th century, the Indian mathematician Radhanath Sikday was employed (28)_____ a “computer” by a

team of British explorers, and was the first person (29)_____ (calculate) the height of the highest mountain in the

world, which was later named Mount Everest. During the two World Wars of the 20th century, huge teams of

human computers were employed to work on maps, codes, and countless other military and engineering projects.

It was not until about 1950 (30)_____ mechanical computers began to take over, and the days of the human

computer were finally numbered.

Section B

A. estimate B. safety C. significantly D. unmanned AB. march AC. move

AD. shave BC. claims BD. contrast CD. strike ABC. physically

Workers vs. Robots: A New Kind of Onshoring

Walmart has given up a five-year effort to introduce stock-checking robots to its stores. Staff, who evidently

do the job better, can breathe a sigh of relief. The (21) _______ is with the Norwegian oil industry, where

remotely operated oil rigs have spooked unions and last month triggered a/an (22) _________. Distant control of

machinery is increasingly prevalent in the collection of natural resources, reducing labor costs and improving

safety in extreme environments.

Objectors are fighting a rearguard action. Ports show what lies ahead. Here, ship-to-shore remote-controlled

gantry cranes have replaced wharfies （码头管理员） . In mining, automation began in the middle of the last

century. (23) ______ mining rail carriages are now commonplace. The commodities crash of 2012-2015 provided

an impetus ( 动力 ) to increase productivity and (24) _______ costs --- factors not lost on the oil industry. Rio

Tinto last year completed the public introduction of what it (25) ________ is the world’s first fully autonomous,

long-distance heavy-haul rail network.

Oil rigs (石油钻塔）have been on the automation (26) _________ for most of the past decade. Remote control

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