重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

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2022-2023 学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测

高二英语试题

(分数：120 分，时间：100 分钟)

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)

第一节(共15 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 37.5 分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard

Mourou. It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We

look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落):then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she

was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went

to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a ￡2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave

away to help under-represented students, she joked to the Guardian, “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a

Nobel Prize.”

Lene Hau

Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam

of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2022 be

Hau’s year?

Vera Rubin

Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without

recognition from the committee.

Chien-Shiung Wu

Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”. Her experimental work was

helpful but never honoured,and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work

behind the study.

Lise Meitner

Meitner led groundbreaking (开创性的) work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was

acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize for chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.

1. When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?

A. In 1944. B. In 1967.

C. In 1974. D. In 1980.

2. Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text?

A. Lene Hau.

B. Vera Rubin.

Donna Strickland.

D. Jocelyn Bell Burnell.

3. What do we know about the five females?

A. The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.

B. Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.

C. Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Noble Prize for her work.

D. All their findings haven’t been recognised by the Nobel.

If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the

midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead,

we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though

most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the

night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution -- whose effects

scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows

artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and

completely changes the light levels -- and light rhythms -- to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have

adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that

mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night -- dark

enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth -- is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory

almost.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth.

Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and

on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds

being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night,

birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter

than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding

choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need

darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.

Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the

light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our

true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep

night with the Milky Way -- the edge of our galaxy -- arching overhead.

4. According to the passage, human beings ________.

A. prefer to live in the darkness

B. are used to living in the day light

C. were curious about the midnight world

D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon

5. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.

A. provide examples of animal protection

B. show how light pollution affects animals

C. compare the living habits of both species

D. explain why the number of certain species has declined

6. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.

A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals

B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages

C. human beings cannot go to the outer space

D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe

7. What might be the best title for the passage?

A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze

C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature

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