湖南省株洲市天元区2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考英语试卷 含答案

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株洲市天元区名校 2022-2023 学年高二上学期 12 月月考
英语试题
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Science competitions your students can enter
Clean Tech Competition
Age:15-18
Opens: Now
Closes: 29 April 2022
The Clean Tech Competition research and design challenge asks students to find a problem
with our natural world and resource use that they want to change, work out a solution and hand in
a research paper to the judges.
Top of the Bench
Age:14-16
Opens: September 2022
Closes: October 2022(regional heats)
Top of the Bench (TOTB)is a yearly practical chemistry competition and a great chance for
students to put their teamwork and practical skills to the test. Regional heats will be held between
October 2022 and January2023, with the wining team from each heat progressing to the national
final held later in March.
Quantum on the Clock
Age: 16-18
Closes: 31 March 2022
Quantum on the Clock competition is open to all A-level students in the UK and Ireland.
Students are asked to create a three-minute video about any aspect of quantum science (量子科学)
or technology . Entries (参赛作品) can be individual or in teams of up to four students. Cash
prizes are on offer for the winners and runners-up. The “best individual” and “best team” winners
will receive an invitation to a prize-giving ceremony at the Photon 2022 conference dinner (会议
晚宴).
Big Bang Young Scientists and Engineers Competition
Age: 11-19
Closes: 4 April 2022
The Big Bang Competition recognises young people’s achievements in STEM and builds
their confidence in project-based work, focusing on investigation, discovery and use of scientific
methods. Students can submit (提交) their project as a written or video report—on any topic in the
field of STEM. Students can be in with the chance of winning a range of awards and prizes.
1．Which competition focuses on solving environmental issues?
A．Top of the Bench.
B．Quantum on the Clock.
C．Clean Tech Competition.
D．Big Bang Young Scientists and Engineers Competition.
2．When will the national final of TOTB be held?
A．In September 2022. B．In October 2022.
C．In January 2023. D．In March 2023.
3．What do the last two competitions have in common?
A．They both accept video entries.
B．They are both open to students aged 11-19.
C．Both of them will invite their winners to a conference dinner.
D．Both of them require each participant to finish an entry on his own.
B
Nowadays, we are very worried about such COVID-19 variants as Delta and Omicron. To
relieve our anxieties, we should have a look at our own cell and the original COVID-19 virus.
First of all, our cell isn’t stupid. If any virus wants to enter our cell, it must figure out a way
for its spike (触手) to hold tightly to the spike on the cell’s surface. You can imagine this
connecting as a secret handshake.
At the early stage, the COVID-19 virus figured out a way to connect to a specific spike on
the surface of human cell, called ACE2. But the connecting wasn’t perfect. However, it was good
enough to trick the ACE2 to let it in.
Once the virus was inside the cell, it kept copying itself in order to find more cells to infect.
During this time, the immune (免疫) system started making antibodies to fight back. Some of
those antibodies acted like little caps that stick to the ends of the virus’s spike. Once “capped”, the
infection couldn’t move forward, and the body won!
But every time the virus copies itself inside a cell, it has the chance of changing its spikes
slightly. Most of the variations are actually harmful to the virus. So these variants disappear.
However, once the virus hits upon a set of variations that actually help the virus to connect more
tightly to the cell or more quickly, a person’s cell gets infected more easily.
Then what about the antibodies? Aren’t they coming to save us again? Well, yes... and no.
Scientists found that a person who was infected with the earlier version of the virus may not
be protected as well against these new variants. He still can be infected, again. However, the
antibodies’ spikes come in different shapes, too. So even though some antibodies become less
useful, others will get the job done—or at least, hold back the infection long enough so the body
can make new antibodies that fit perfectly on the changed spike.
4．What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The virus. B．The cell.
C．The spike. D．The connection.
5．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A．How a virus enters the human cell.
B．How a virus copies itself inside a cell.
C．Why the immune system can fight back.
D．Why virus variants have different infection rates.
6．What can be learned from the text?
A．COVID-19 variants will become more and more infectious.
B．It is unlikely for COVID-19 patients to get infected again.
C．Old antibodies might be less effective against new variants.
D．It is hopeless to get rid of the COVID-19 in the near future.
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．Worries About the COVID-19 Variants
B．A Simple Guide to COVID-19 Variants
C．The Danger of the Deadly COVID-19 Virus
D．Ways to Protect Ourselves From COVID-19 Virus
C
Owning a smartphone may not be as smart as you think. It may let you surf the Internet, listen to
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