新疆乌鲁木齐市第六十一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题 含答案

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乌鲁木齐市第 61 中学 2022-2023 学年
高一下学期开学考试 英语试题
（考试范围：必修第一册）
总分 120 分 考试时间 120 分钟
一、阅读理解（共 32 分）
When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger
in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But
these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche’s(崩塌)critical characteristics.
Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the
atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in
this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.
Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State
University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of
a new material has been detected with infrasound.”
Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers
pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden,
rapid breaking of ice from the glacier’s main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial
collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous
regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier “can become detached
from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs,” says University of Florence
geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists
seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.
Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and
can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound,
Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as
well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal
into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes)
without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. “The
model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant
signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche’s speed, path and volume from afar
using infrasound.
Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more
signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the
continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining
their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade’s physical details.
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A．Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.
B．Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.
C．Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.
D．Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.
2．Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?
A．The combination with other relevant signals.
B．The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.
C．The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.
D．The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.
3．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
A．distinguishing different components of a signal
B．detecting multiple avalanches at the same time
C．calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches
D．monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．From Fire to Ice B．Glacier Whispers
C．Nature is Warning D．Secret of Ice Avalanches
After finishing my teaching for a school year. I thought that I should go back to
Montreal, Quebec, my hometown, for a visit. My main goal was to relax in preparation for
the challenges of my retirement in the coming year.
Through my stay in Montreal, I met lots of Chinese who were trying hard to succeed and
then led a better life in Canada. Some travelled thousands of miles to get knowledge. When I
spoke with some of them about the major barrier they had to face after they arrived in
Canada, they all talked about the two official languages of Canada. But I was impressed by
their ability to express their ideas while they were changing between English and French.
Almost all of those people said they often felt homesick. They missed their families and
friends. Though Montreal had lots of Chinese restaurants, they longed for a home-cooked
meal.
I met some tourists who were trying to realize their childhood dreams of experiencing
the life in a developed country. When I asked them if Montreal had lived up to their
expectations, they hesitated. They said that reality never agreed with fantasies. However, they
were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didn’t regret taking the trip.
Not all the Chinese people I met were happy. I once met a young lady who met with a
gentleman through the Internet. However, to her disappointment, he disappeared after he
promised to marry her in Montreal.
I was served by another Chinese person who could not deal with the challenges of
studying in an English-speaking environment and ended up working in a restaurant with low
pay.
Exploring different parts of the world, without any doubt, is a rich experience .However,
one should be realistic when it comes to leaving his hometown to start a new life in a foreign
country. One should spend time examining the advantages and shortcomings of the adventure
before he decides to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.
5．Why did the author go back to his hometown?
A．To meet his old friends. B．To study a new language.
新疆乌鲁木齐市第六十一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题 含答案.docx

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