热点04 完形填空之热点速递（解析版）-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）

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热点 04 完形填空之热点速递

完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的

能力。测试目的是考查大家对语篇语意的连贯性和运用语言的准确性，以及考查大家对上下文的精细理

解和缜密的逻辑判断能力。

1.未来高考完形填空可能会继续以记叙文为主。文章选材传递“正能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观

的树立会有指导作用。

2.所设选项更具有干扰性和迷惑性，直接根据语法和固定搭配就能选出答案的试题越来越少，设空与

语境的联系更加密切。

1、利用首句信息，推测语篇主旨

完形填空所选短文的第一句通常为主题句，一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮

助。

2、寻找暗示信息，重视语境意义

完形填空主要考查学生对语境的理解，所以学生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每

个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗

示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。一般来说，完形填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形都是

副词、都是名词复数形式等，所以要注意它们之间在意义上和搭配上的细微差异，形义兼顾。同时，一

定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分、判别，从而选出正确答案。

3、识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系

语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系

的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有

firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally 等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有 thus，therefore，so 等；表示改变话

题的语篇标志语有 by the way 等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有 besides，what's more，further more 等；

表示时间关系的语篇标志语有 before， so far，meanwhile，later 等；表示转折关系的语篇标志语有

but，while，on the other hand，although 等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可

以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。

4、利用原词复现，寻找近义词语

完形填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔

接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义

紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断，选出正

确答案。

5、巧用背景常识，简化判断过程

完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但其中有时渗透着

文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和

生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中外文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省

宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。

6、注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型

答题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确

选项。同学们平时要有意识地记忆一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。一些题目要求

我们不仅能够记忆这些词和词组，还要学会灵活使用，准确判断。常见句型的掌握也很重要。有些句型

在经过反复使用后，会形成一定的语感，这对确定题目答案很有帮助。

一、完形填空

（2022·上海市敬业中学高三期中）In The Debunking (揭穿真相) Handbook, a short guide published in

2011, John Cook, at George Mason University, and Stephan Lewandowsky, at the University of Bristol, looked at

the world-view backfire effect, the idea that if a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view, it

strengthens the ___1___. Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter found this in his Iraq study, but he points out

that the effect only appeared in two out of five experiments.

What’s more, although some later studies have seen similar results, many haven’t seen the effect at all. This

suggests it is much ___2___ than Reifler’s work suggested, which he thinks is fantastic news.

But whatever you do, don’t point this out, or turn to ___3___ (“You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant”.). Instead,

listen and ask questions that ___4___ why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”).

The good news is that social events are ___5___ situations for correcting myths. Assuming there is at least

some trust between you, the other person will probably hear you out. And corrections from credible, trusted

sources are more ___6___. There’s also far more time to discuss the topic ___7___ than compared with, say,

interactions on social media.

The bad news is that even with all this in mind, you are still unlikely to ___8___ someone, especially if you

are challenging their world view. Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large

ineffective, especially in conservative people.

So why even ___9___? Firstly, people are much less likely to spread false information if they are held

accountable for it, says Reifler. ___10___ your relatives’ false claims may make them think twice before

spreading nonsense on another occasion.

And always ___11___ the other people in the room. Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you

may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds.

Indeed, Cook thinks there is little chance of changing the minds of, say, the 7 per cent of people in the US

who are very ___12___ that global warming isn’t happening at all. Instead, he thinks we should ___13___ the

majority still open to persuasion. His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are

warned against them. ___14___, forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views

won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes. Those who are not warned become more

___15___ their judgement.

1．A．association B．offensiveness C．probability D．misconception

2．A．harder B．rarer C．more diverse D．more important

3．A．reactions B．judgements C．forecasts D．reasons

4．A．reveal B．avoid C．define D．link

5．A．frustrating B．excellent C．familiar D．occasional

6．A．widespread B．deliberate C．inevitable D．effective

7．A．in person B．in detail C．on purpose D．on business

8．A．encourage B．impress C．surprise D．convince

9．A．try B．stop C．move D．wait

10．A．Validating B．Investigating C．Questioning D．Understanding

11．A．support B．locate C．interview D．consider

12．A．aware B．happy C．sure D．disappointed

13．A．make up B．look up to C．focus on D．set out on

14．A．For instance B．What’s more C．As a result D．On the contrary

15．A．surprised at B．doubtful of C．curious of D．annoyed at

【答案】

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