新译林版2020高一英语必修第一册Unit2单词短语及语法知识讲解Unit 2 语法

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Unit 2 语法
句子的分类
句子按照其结构可以分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句三大类
一、简单句
含义:只有一个主谓结构的独立分句,叫简单句。
PS:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)
在简单句中,主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当,也可以由两个或两个
以上的词或短语充当,组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。除了主语和谓语之外,
简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
EgHe often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
二、并列句
含义:由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子,叫并列
句。
Eg: You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright but the road is tortuous.
常见的连词:
1、表示并列关系:and, not only... but also..., neither... nor...
Eg: The teachers name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.
2、表示转折或对比关系:but, still, yet, while, whereas(然而,反之), however
Eg: He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his
classes lively and interesting.
3、表示因果关系:for, so, therefore
Eg: August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work form dawn
until dark.
4、表示选择关系:or, either... or..., otherwise
1
Eg: Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
三、主从复合句
1. 含义:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,叫主从复合句。
PS: 含有两个或两个或两个以上主谓结构,其中一个主谓做另一个主谓结构的
成分(并列句中两个主谓结构间的是并列关系,而不是从属关系)
注:简单句的一个成分从词或短语变为句子时,整个句子就成为主从复合句了
例如:(1) It is wrong.
What he said is wrong.
(2) The boy over there is my brother.
The boy who is wearing a hat is brother.
(3) I was doing my homework at six.
I was doing my homework when he came in.
2. 主从复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接
一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,那它就不是简单句了,要么是并列句,要么
是主从复合句。这是我们就要考虑连接词的问题。直接用逗号连接的两个简单
句是错误的。这时,我们有四种方法来改正这个错句。
(1)改为并列句:用 andsobut 等并列连词连接。
(2)改为主从复合句:加从属连词,把其中一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或
名词性从句。
(3)改为简单句:把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉,从而使其变成独立主格
结构。
(4)改标点:把逗号改为分号(根据句意有时也可用冒号、破折号等)。
例如:
I like English, my English is very good. ×
I like English and my English is very good. √(并列句)
As I like English, my English is very good. √ (原因状从)
I like English; my English is good. √(分号)
I liking English, my English is very good. √(独立主格)
I have a house, its windows are very good. ×
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新译林版2020高一英语必修第一册Unit2单词短语及语法知识讲解Unit 2 语法.docx

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