专题3.被动语态

3.0 envi 2025-02-21 31 4 27.42KB 6 页 3知币
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被动语态
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英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动
作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，
只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动
作执行者一般由介词 by 引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词
be+ 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者 + with + 工具 ”。被
动语态的时态是通过
be
动词变化 的。
被动语态的使用场合：①强调动作承受者；②动作发出者未知或不便说出；③科技英语中较多使用。
被动语态共有十种时态（以动词 do 为例）
一般 完成 进行
现在 am/is/are done have/has been done am/is/are being done
过去 was/were done had been done was/were being done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
过去将
来should/would be done should/would have been done
说明 将来进行时、过去将来进行时、完成进行时，没有被动语态。上表被动语态的 10 种时态中，将来完
成时和过去将来完成时均不常用，故其常用时态只有 8种，外加含情态动词句式的被动语态。
各种时态的被动语态例句：
1.一般现在时： Football is played all over the world. ①You are wanted on the phone.②
English is widely spoken in the world. ③He is often punished.④
2一般过去时： The bridge was built in 1975. ①
The house was destroyed in the earthquake.②
He was praised yesterday.③
3.一般将来时： The baby will be taken to hospital soon. ①
Our lab will be built in a month.②
1
I shall be given a chance.③
4.过去将来时： I knew the boy would be taken good care of in there.①
He said he would be criticized for what he did.②
5.现在完成时： ① He has been given a chance.
I have been told the news② ．
The book has been translated into many languages.③
6.过去完成时： ① He said he had been given a chance.
By 1960, 100 schools had been set up.②
It was said that the book had already been translated into many languages.③
7．现在进行时： ① The building is being built.
He is being beaten by his mother.②
8.过去进行时：When I went to the city, a high building was being built.
注意 ①有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，也有被动语态如：
The children there are taken good care of.
A doctor was sent for.Women are not looked down upon now.
② 含情态动词的被动结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”：
Everything that can be done has been done.
He should have been punished.
The thing must be handed in.
▲被动语态的其他表达形式
1. get +过去分词：多用于口语和非正式场合，强调动作的结果。有时带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。
He got wounded in a battle.
You might get burnt.
注意 这种被动语态句型的否定和疑问要借助 do 构成:
Did you get scolded yesterday? 你昨天挨批评了吗？
2. become+过去分词：强调动作的全过程。
He became seized with a deep sorrow. 他陷入了深深的忧伤之中。
▲被动语态的变异：用主动语态表达被动意义
1)某些表状态特征的连系动词如：smell, taste ,feel, sound, look, prove 等，用主动形式表达被动意义。
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作者：envi 分类：初中 价格：3知币 属性：6 页 大小：27.42KB 格式：DOCX 时间：2025-02-21

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