黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二下学期开学考试 英语
1
哈师大附中 2020 级高二下摸底考试
英语试卷 2022.02.24
时间：120 分钟 满分：150 分
一. 阅读理解（共 25 小题，每题 2分，满分 50）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
It’s no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke
may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research
that found wildfire smoke is teeming with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these
microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores (真菌孢子), are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes
thousands of species of bacteria and fungi (真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播
的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article
found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach themselves onto smoke
particulates (微粒), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke
would actually cause infections. “Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections,” says Chen, “but it’s
certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung
condition.” “I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues,” says Chen, “But
when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness?”
“Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory
(呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is ‘certainly alarming’.” says Kelsey Jack, an associate
professor of environmental and development economics. “This is especially true for lower-income populations,”
Jack says, “because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting
the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike,
will inhale more smoke than those who drive.”
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing
recommendations when air quality is poor — including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed,
using HEPA filters (过滤器) and running air conditioning.
1. What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2?
A. They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
B. They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
C. They could be killed by high heat.
D. They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates.
2. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?
A. They will causes lung infections. B. They might worsen lung disease.
C. They will destroy living environments. D. They might damage respiratory system.
B
Australian experts have expressed concerns that too many millennials (千禧一代) are hoping to use their
social media accounts to build their careers. Their concerns follow the sudden rise in “insta-celebrities” who
make money by posting sponsored (赞助的) photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented
photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy (有商业头脑的), making money off social media isn’t
impossible.
Instagram is flooded with social media professionals paid to promote products and services. However,
social scientist Lauren Rosewarne, from the University of Melbourne, says that in reality, there are far fewer
people making money off the platforms than one may think. She said many young Australians were getting
sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as “totally unrealistic” and
extremely difficult to do.
“Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago,” Rosewarne
told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Saturday. “There are some people who can make
fortunes out of monetizing (使具有货币性质) their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm.” She said it was
up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career
choice. “There’s the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize
your Instagram account.”
Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending
too much time with social media. “Where do the insta-celebrities go to separate the life people see on Instagram
from their actual normal life?” Eager said. “All of a sudden, people own your private life.”
3. Why is there a rise in “insta-celebrities”?
A. Many young people are good at taking photos.
B. Many people see it as a shortcut to making money.
C. People want to socialize by sharing photos online.
D. Instagram offers a reliable career choice for millennials.
4. What does the underlined phrase “getting sucked in” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Becoming involved in something. B. Benefiting from something.
C. Taking advantage of something. D. Being satisfied with something.
5. What message does the author convey by quoting Lauren Rosewarne?
A. Young people today are more business-savvy than ever.
B. Young people are becoming less interested in internet fame.
C. Instagram is not a good platform to promote new products.
D. It may not be a good idea for the young to try earning money on Instagram.
6. What problem does Toni Eager think overuse of social media could cause?
A. An over-reliance on Instagram. B. Inability to appreciate life.
C. A loss of personal privacy. D. An addiction to the virtual life online.
2
C
It never occurred to me when I was little that gardens were anything less than wonderful places.
Granddad’s garden was on the bank of a river and sloped gently down towards the water. You couldn’t reach
the river but you could hear the sound of the water and the birds that sang in the trees above.
At home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn’t want to make him sound
humorless. He wasn’t. Silly things would amuse him. I realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed
that he hadn’t made more of his life. He left school without qualifications and became a beginner to a
plumber(水管工). Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just what he did. He was
never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment when he and Mum thought of emigrating to Canada,
but it came to nothing. Where he came into his own was around the house. He had an “eye for the job.” Be it
bookshelves or a cupboard — what he could achieve was astonishing.
Of the three options, moors（荒野）, woods or river — the river was the one that usually got my vote.
On a stretch of the river I was allowed to disappear with my imagination into another world. With a fishing
net over my shoulder I could set off in shoes that were last year’s model. I’d walk along the river bank
looking for a suitable spot where I could take off the painful shoes and leave them with my picnic while I
adventured out, peering through the water for any fish that I could scoop up with the net and take home.
I wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect until one day my father
announced, “They’ve got a post for an gardener in the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested.”
He might still have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a
feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m cheating myself, but I prefer to believe that in
his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my
unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.
7. What is the writer’s attitude to his father in the second paragraph?
A. He was unsatisfied with his father.
B. He was regretful that his father had not achieved more.
C. He was sympathetic to the reasons why his father behaved.
D. He was grateful that his father had not taken the family to Canada.
8. What does the writer mean by the underlined phrase “came into his own”?
A. was able to do something by himself B. was able to show his talents out
C. was able to continue his day job D. was able to forget his failure
9. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The writer felt angry that the garden was less amazing
B. The writer was an excellent fisherman for his gift
C. The fishing trip illustrated the writer’s carefree childhood.
D. Around the house lied the father’s dream of being carpenter
10. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. His father is unsure about his son’s future
B. His father was tired of giving way to his son.
C. His father had been trying to find a job his son would enjoy.
D. His father had been impressed by his son’s love of gardening.
D
The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has urged the government to use high productivity from the greater
use of robots and artificial intelligence to reverse (推翻) planned changes to the state retirement age.
Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological
innovation (革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people. It said recent progress had mainly
benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce through better wages and working
conditions. Frances O'Grady, the TUC general secretary, said: "Robots and Al could let us produce more for
less, promoting national prosperity. But we need a debate about who benefits from this wealth, and how
workers get a fair share."
There have been previous waves of technological advances since the first Industrial Revolution, when
inefficient jobs have been replaced by machines or the number of people required to do work has been
reduced. Such advances have not led to a total loss of jobs, but have disturbed the type of work people do.
There are concerns that the current stage of innovation could be more damaging, while the rewards from
higher productivity have not necessarily led to higher wages. The latest available figures show low
unemployment unseen since the mid-1970s, but growth in real wages remains negative.
In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in
professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions (比例) had changed completely, but in the
communities which were affected, the jobs lost in manufacturing were not replaced by jobs of similar or
better quality. Wages in former industrial areas were still 10% below the national average.
The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially (有争议的) brought
forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in
their late 30s and early 40s. As well as opposing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers
should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training. At
present, the UK invests just half of the EU average, it said. O'Grady said: "Robots are not just terminators
（终结者）. Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that
tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's."
11. According to the TUC, the use of robots and artificial intelligence should result in ______.
A. technological advances B. higher levels of productivity
C. benefits for working people D. more wealth of business owners
12. It can be inferred that the waves of technological advances ______.
A. had a great influence on the labor structure
B. tended to be more damaging than constructive
C. were the outcome of the Industrial Revolution
D. slowly raised the real income of working people
13. What can we learn about the proposal of David Gauke?
A. It is strongly opposed by the TUC. B. It will help to create new types of jobs.
C. It has produced a widespread influence. D. It reflects the real needs of economic growth.
14. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Technological innovation has contributed to people's wage increases.
B. The government plans to delay retirement age, from which 7 million people will suffer.
C. The use of robots and artificial intelligence is only beneficial to the national prosperity.
D. O'Grady thinks that new jobs in the future must be ensured to be at least as good as today's.
3
E
After years of research and test, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’s an interesting
and exciting new improvement in today’s quality of the air we breathe and save our natural resources.
The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is
the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gas which are used to power a car’s engine. The EPA has set national
standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has
acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.
A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gas and an electric car that is battery powered.
Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partly electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But
that’s not how it works. Through the energy that is produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to
as “regenerative braking”(再生制动), because it generates electricity.
Although the hybrid car still runs on gas most of the time, this help it use less gas than a regular car. When
a driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts
the car in gear(处于正常工作状态）and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.
Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probably wouldn’t happen if you
were riding in a hybrid car. It flashed a warning reading: “YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS!” Then the electric
power supply energy in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.
15. According to the passage, the underlined word “hybrid”(in Paragraph 1) refers to ______.
A. a high-tech discovery B. energy-saving
C. a new invention D. a new kind for the combination of two things
16. The EPA is important to our environment because ______.
A. they designed hybrid cars
B. they forbade the burning of fossil fuels
C. they set important rules that help control pollution
D. their main purpose is to produce non-polluting cars
F
Every year, billions of kilograms of fresh produce are wasted in the United States. The food ends up in
landfills, producing harmful greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, millions of poor Americans go hungry, without
access to healthy, affordable meals.
Evan Lutz is passionate about correcting that social injustice. And he combines that goal with a passion
for business. “I’ve wanted to become a social entrepreneur, not just starting a business that made money but
also starting one that gave back. I’m just an average guy with a passion towards making sure no food goes to
waste and making sure no person is hungry in America and I want to do that through business.”
Lutz is CEO and founder of Hungry Harvest, a business which collects and sells “ugly” produce. These
are fruit and vegetables that most food companies would throw away. “If you go to a grocery store, everything
is growing the same exact way. All the stuff that doesn’t grow the same way gets wasted and gets thrown out.
So, we take all that stuff that normally gets thrown out because of its odd size or shape. We box it up into a
variety of boxes. And then we deliver them to our customers once a week. We hire people that were living in
homeless shelters. They were really looking to get a chance in life.”
In January 2016, Lutz appeared on the American business competition television show “Shark Tank”. It
connects investors with entrepreneurs. Lutz sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a
five percent stake in his company. Finally, he got even more than what he expected – $100,000 for 10 percent
ownership.
17. According to the passage, we can infer “Shark Tank” ______.
A. introduces the stories of investors B. publicizes successful business cases
C. helps entrepreneurs get fund support D. belongs to meetings of political parties
18. Who would not benefit from Evan Lutz’s business?
A. Fruit farmers. B. Poor families. C. Hungry Harvest. D. The homeless.
G
Homeowners Hermine Ricketts and her husband, Tom Carroll, held a ceremonial planting of vegetables in
their garden on the day when a Florida law went into effect that removed local bans across the state on vegetable
gardens at residential properties. It was one of the rules that had forced the couple, who lived in Miami Shores,
to uproot (根除) all the vegetables in the garden that Ricketts had kept for almost twenty years.
Ricketts had her vegetable garden in her front yard because it faced south and her backyard was mostly in
the shade. The retired architect said she gardened for the food and also for the peace it brought her.
“This is a peach tree that I planted, and around it, I had kale, and in between the kale, I had some cabbages,”
Ricketts said then.
But then a zoning ordinance (条例) was tightened by Miami Shores Village to forbid vegetables in front
yards on the ground, saying that they were unpleasant to look at. Village officials told Ricketts to uproot all her
vegetables or she would face a $50 daily fine according to the ban.
And she fought back, joining up with the Institute for Justice, a national law firm, to challenge the ban.
It took six years, but they won. The Florida Legislature passed a bill protecting vegetable gardens, and
Governor Ron DeSantis signed it. “After nearly six years of fighting… I will once again be able to legally plant
vegetables in my front yard,” Ricketts said in a statement. “I’m grateful to the Legislature and the Governor for
standing up to protect my freedom to grow healthy food on my own property.”
She complained that the fight even had to happen. “We had kept a beautiful, nutritious garden for many
years before the Village went out of its way to ban it and then scared us with ruinous fines,” she said.
“Gardening is wonderful,” Ricketts added gladly. “I feel victory.…I have no words.”
19. Why did Ricketts position her vegetable garden in the front yard?
A. It was peaceful out there. B. It could get enough sunlight.
C. It offered more vegetables. D. It was mostly in the shade.
20. What do we know about the local ban in Miami Shores?
A. It required a regular fine. B. It had been effective for twenty years.
C. It was tightened to forbid ugly gardens. D. It was removed after Ricketts’ ceremony.
21. Which word best describes Ricketts’ attitude to the fight itself?
A. Proud. B. Grateful. C. Dissatisfied. D. Disapproving.
22. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. A Ban on Vegetable Gardens in Front Yards.
B. A Bill Signed to Protect Vegetable Gardens.
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