2020-2021学年上海牛津版七年级下学期语法-情态动词讲解及提升练习（有答案）

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上海牛津版 7B 语法-情态动词讲解及提升练习

I. 情态动词易混点辨析

易混点 1：must 和have to

1) 两词都是'必须'的意思, have to 表示客观的需要; must 表示说话人主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　

He said that they must work hard.

2) have to 有人称、数、时态的变化, 而must 只有一种形式。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3) 否定结构中: don't have to 表示"不必", mustn't 表示"禁止"。

You don't have to tell him about it.　

You mustn't tell him about it.　　　　

易混点 2： can 和could

1) 用在疑问句中表示征求对方意见时，could 比can 更加委婉礼貌。

Could I borrow your dictionary? Can I borrow your dictionary?

2) 用在过去时句子中只能用 could

I couldn’t swim well when I was a kid but now I am a good swimmer.

At the age of ten, I could remember things very quickly.

易混点 3: need

3) 基本用法

need sth.

need to do

sth.

I don’t need any drinks because I have had enough.

needn’t do

don’t need sth./to do

You needn’t wash your car. It’s going to rain soon.

=You don’t need to wash your car. It’s going to rain soon.

易混点 4: shall 和should

1) shall 用于句型 “Shall I/we do…?”

Shall we get together and have a party tonight?

Shall I tell you how to do it?

2) should 用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用 ought to 替

换。

We should try our best to help each other.

=We ought to try our best to help each other.

易混点 5: had better 和would rather

1) “had better+动词原形(do)” 意为“最好做……”，否定句式为 had better not do sth.

We’d better leave now as it’s getting dark outside.

You’d better not have more sweet food or you will become even heavier.

2) “would rather+动词原形(do)” 意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为 would rather not do

sth.

I would rather stay at home on a rainy day.

They would rather not say anything else.

II. 情态动词重难点复习

一.情态动词相关的提问与回答

1) may 提问

—May I come in? —Yes, please.

—May I borrow your bike? —Certainly.

—May I take this book out of the reading-room?

—No, you can’t /mustn’t.

2) must 提问

—Must I do my homework now?

—Yes, you must/have to.

—No, you needn’t./don’t have to.

3) can/could 提问

—Can/Could I use your computer?

—Yes, you can.

—No, you can’t./I’m afraid not.

4) need 提问

—Need I finish it now?

—Yes, you must.

—No, you needn't.

二.情态动词表猜测用法

1) 肯定猜测：must (一定)＞may (可能)＞might

They look almost the same. They must be twins.

It’s 12:30 now. He must be there by now.

This may be true but no one can say for sure.

We might go abroad sometime next year but it hasn’t been decided.

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