04 定语从句-2021-2022学年九年级英语上册核心语法精讲精练(外研版)

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定语从句
概念:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词, 定语从句必须
放在先行词之后
先行词(名词),定从作形容词修饰先行词
例如:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他为我生日送的礼物。
  Do you know everybody who came to the party?你认识来宴会的每一位吗?
  This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
关系代词与关系副词
() 关系代词
关系代词
that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语
who,whom 指人 在从句中作主语和宾语
whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语
as 指物 在从句中作主语
关系代词的辨析
1. 关系代词 that which先行词指物时, which that 一般可以互换,但也有特殊情况。
1) 只用 that 不用which 引导定语从句的情况
a. 只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况:
 (1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例如:All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。
 (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very 等词修饰,关系
代词常用that,不用 which
  例如:This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.
这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
  例如:It was the second house that I bought.
这是我买的第二个房子。
 (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
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  例如:This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
这是我今年读过的最好的书。
 (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。
  例如:He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.他谈论他记起得的人和事。
2) 只用 which不用 that 引导定语从句的情况
a. 关系代词前有介词, which 不用 that
e.g. The chair on which she sat is made of wood.她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。
b. 引导非限制性定语从句时, which 不用 that
e.g. Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
c. 先行词后面有插入语时, which 不用 that
e.g. Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help you improve your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书, 它能帮你提高英语水平。
d. 先行词本身就是 that , which 不用 that
e.g. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么?
e. 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时, which 不用 that
e.g. He can swim in the sea, which I can’t.他能在大海里游泳, 我不能(在大海里游泳)
f. 代表整个主句时, which 不用 that
e.g. He broke my cup, which made me angry.他打破了我的杯子, 这使我很生气。
2. 关系代词that who
1) 只用 who而不用 that 引导定语从句的情况
a. 先行词是指人的不定代词, : one, ones, anyone, no one, those, all, nobody, anybody, none等时,
who 不用 that
e.g. People all like those who have good manners.人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
b. there be 句型中, 多用 who 指代人
e.g. There are some people who want to have holidays in Hainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。
c. 当先行词指特定的人时, 关系代词多用 who, 不指特定的人时, 多用 that
e.g. The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.
上周来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的妹妹。
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d. 在非限制性定语从句中作主语时, who 不用 that
e.g. Professor Wang, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.
王教授已年过六旬, 依然夜以继日努力工作着。
() 关系副词
关系副词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点 在从句中地点状语
why 指原因 在从句中原因状语
when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
    I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
    He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.就在我离开那天他到得北京。
 where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
    This is the house where we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
    The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。
注意:
在口语和非正式场合, when, where why或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”结构可用 that 来代
省略
e.g. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?知道哪儿我能吗?
why that 引导的定语从句, 先行词是 reason,reason 又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用
because 引导, that 引导。句型为:
The reason why...is that...The reason that...is that..
e.g. The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to
school.他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通受伤了。
The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital.
他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住亲。
地点模糊”的先行词后where 引导的定语从句。当先行词为 point, situation, conditions,
case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job 等表某人/物所的情况、发展
阶段或表某事的某个方面时, where 引导定语从句, where 相当于 from which, under which,
“在这情况下”, “……等。
e.g. We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
我们只是力想能共同谈的地
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04 定语从句-2021-2022学年九年级英语上册核心语法精讲精练(外研版).docx

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