《初升高英语衔接大讲堂》专题14 定语从句之关系代词

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专题 14 定语从句之关系代词

一、定语从句的定义

在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等)两类。

二、关系代词的用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。

The teacher who went to see me yesterday is Mr. Wang. (作主语)

Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. (作宾语)

The girl who/whom I talked with just now will go to Beijing. (作宾语)

2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用 who 代替。

Rose is the person who / whom you should care about.(作宾语)

The woman whom you met in the street is Kate.(作宾语)

3. whose 可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose 在定语从句中作定语。

He lives in a room whose window faces north. (修饰物)

The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. (修饰人)

4. which 指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

China is a country which has a long history. (作主语)

This is the room in which he lived last year. (作宾语)

5. that 即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用

who，whom，指物多用 which。

This is the novel that interests me. 这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)

The magazine that I bought yesterday is lost. 我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)

三、只能用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句的情况

1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食品。

2. 先行词是 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时,只能

用that。

All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

3. 先行词被 all, every, no, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。

The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.　她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。

This is the same bike that I lost.

4. 当先行词既指人，又指物时。

We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。

5. 以who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用 that。

Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?

6. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 that, 而不用 which.

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

四、只能用 which 而不用 that 引导定语从句的情况

1. 先行词为 that， those 时，用 which，而不用 that。

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

2. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that。

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

3. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用 that。

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系代词的选择

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