第18讲 介词by的用法及其扩展-【暑假辅导班】2021年新九年级英语暑假精品课程(人教版)

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第十八讲 介词 by 的用法及其扩展
【语法聚焦】
一、介词 by 用法详解
1 本单by+v.-ing 结构是一个重点该结构意思是通过……方式by 后面常接 v.-ing 式,
表示通过某种方式得到某种结果
I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club. 我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲
英语。
Mr.Li makes a living by driving taxis. 李先生靠开出租车为生。
2by + 地点,表示位置,意为……旁边;靠近
My grandmother was sitting by the door. 我的奶奶正坐在门旁边。
The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。
3by + 交通工具,表示乘坐
He went to New York by air. 他乘飞机去纽约。
Jim often goes to work by bike. 吉姆常骑自行车上班。
4by + 时间,表示时间,意为……之前
I will be back by 6 o’clock. 我会在 6点之前回来。
My mother will come back by 6:00. 我妈妈 将在六点前回来。
5by 用于被动语态,表示被;。此时要注意它与介词 with 区别:by 示动作的主体with 表示
作者的手段工具。  
The house was destroyed by fire. 此 屋大 火烧 毁fire Fire
destroyed the house.)  
The house was destroyed with fire. 屋是(被人)用火烧毁的。fire 只是工具,动作的主体另有其人
此句可认为省略了一个 by 短语,如 by someone 之类的,其主动形式可以是 Someone destroyed the house
with fire.)  
6by + 数量词,表示升降、增减的程度by one-fifth / 20 percent / two feet.
With production up by 60%, the company has had excellent year.
这家公司今年的业绩极好,产量上升了百分之六十。
7、用在反身代词之前,表示独自
He learns English by himself. 他自学英语。
8by + 身份部位名词或衣服名词,表示被抓住身体/ 衣物的某一部分,常与动词 catch / seize / take / hold /
grab 等连用。by the hair / hand / arm / nose / horns 等。
The policeman caught the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
二、易混辨析 by, with, in, through, use
1. by 通过……方法、手段,如交通工具等。
go there by plane 乘飞机去那里
The poor blind girl learned to play the piano by listening. 这个可怜的盲女通过听来学弹钢琴。
2. with 使用工具、方法等。
She drew the picture with a short pencil. 她用一支短铅笔画了这幅画。
1
3. in 用某种材料或某种语言,或者表示衣着、声调、特点等。
He read the text in a low voice. 他低声地读课文。
The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。
4.“through+名词在指方法和手段时,意为经由;通过;以,强调原因、理由和作用,作由于解。
He made many mistakes in the exam through his carelessness. 由于粗心大意,他在考试中犯了许多错误。
5. use 当动词讲时,虽然也表示,但它在句子中的功能不同,常用作语。
May I use your English dictionary? 我可以用一下你的英语词典吗?
by 的常见搭配
by the way 顺便说
by oneself 独自一人
by mistake 错误地
by accident 然地
by means of 靠;通过;借助
step by step 逐步
side by side 并肩;一并排
shoulder by shoulder 肩并肩
by birth 生来;在血统
by heart 记忆凭记忆
go by(时间)流逝;经过
word by word 逐字逐
pass by 经过;
by the end of ……
day by day 日复
one by one 一个接一个
little by little 逐渐
bit by bit 一点一点地
【过关检测
一、单项选择
1You can improve your English _________ practicing more.
Aby Bwith Cof Din
2The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held ___________June 9th last year. Many people watched it
___________TV.
Ain; on Bin; in Con; on Don; in
3.—I never see Linda take a taxi to work.
To live a low-carbon life, she always goes to work ______her bike instead of______taxi.
Aby;by Bon;by Con;in
4This story is_________ simple English. My little sister can read it.
Afor Bin Cwith Dby
5 convenient the way is! We can pay money scanning QR codes(维码)in many shops.
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第18讲 介词by的用法及其扩展-【暑假辅导班】2021年新九年级英语暑假精品课程(人教版).doc

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