《初中英语重点语法知识完整梳理(全国通用)》专题12 句子的类型II(复合句)

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句子的类型 II
复合句
【定义】
1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,常常位于及物动词或介词之后,作宾语。宾语从句的引
导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的,常考的引导词有 that, if, whether, what, which, when, where,
how, why 等,宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出;间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的
话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都
要进行变化。
3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句,在句中起到状语的作用。常
状语时间(when,while,before,not…until )、条(if,unless,as
long as 等引导)、原因状语从句(because,since 等引导)、结果状语从句(so that,so…that…等引导)
目的状语从句(in order that 等引导)、让步状语从句(though,although 等引导)
4.定语从句是指在句中作定语,用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、
名词性词组或代词叫做先行词,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用
的关系代词有 who,whose,that,which,关系副词有 when,where,why 等。
【知识归纳】
一、宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语
用法 例句
换而来时,that 来引导从句或间接引
语,其中的 that 无具体意义,一般可以
省略。
He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.
He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.
句转换而来时,用 if whether 来引导
从句或间接引语,意思是是否。从句
或间接引语用陈述语序。
She asked me if/whether she could join us.
He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.
接引语用陈述语序。
Do you know who broke the door?
She asked me whose pen that was.
【特例清单】
1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时,引导词用 if whether,如果从句中有 or not 或从句充当
介词的宾语时,只能用 whether
I don’t know whether he will come or not. 我不知道他是否会来。
2.宾语从句中,句为般现在时,则句可以根实际需要用各相应的时。主句为一般
去时,则从句必须用过去的某种时态
1
I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 词时
从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构
She doesn’t know what she should do next.= She doesn’t know what to do next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
4.直接引语是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order )sb.(not) to do sth.”句型
“Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children.
→She told the children not to make any noise. “不要制造任何噪音她对孩子们说。
5.在宾语从句或接引中如果叙述的客观真理客观事实等,管主句是么时态,从句
用一般现在时
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。
6.直接引语变为接引时,指示代词时间状语地点状语和某具有方向的动词要作相
的变化。具体见下表:
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语
now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow next week
this week that week
next week the next week
two weeks ago two weeks before
last month the month ago
地点状语 here there
谓语动词 come go
bring take
二、状语从句
分类 连接词 例句
时间
状语从句
when/while/as,
before,after,
since,until,as soon as
She was cooking when someone knocked at the door.
He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin.
I didn’t go to bed until she came back.
条件
状语从句 if,as long as,unless I’ll go to see you if I have time.
They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday
原因
状语从句 because,since,as,for He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up too late.
We should study hard since we are students.
目的 so that,in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
2
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