《八年级英语语法知识一遍过》专题12 宾语从句（解析版）

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宾语从句

本章内容

1.知识解析

2.知识拓展

2.全国真题训练

一．知识解析

　　宾语从句属于名词性从句,其连接词及作用见下表:

连接词连接词的作用例句

that

本身无意义,只起连接作用,在

口语中可省略

He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特

擅长游泳。

what,which,who,whose,w

hom 等连接代词

在从句中作一定的成分 ,如主

语、宾语、定语等

I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他

们打算干什么。

when( 表时间 ),where( 表

地点 ),why( 表原

因),how(表方式)等连接

副词

在从句中作状语

Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我

你来自哪儿吗?

Do you know how they found the place? 你知道他

们是怎么找到那个地方的吗?

if/whether

(是否)

不作句子成分,但不能省略

He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 他问我高

小姐是否是一位老师。

　　1.宾语从句的时态

(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根

据实际情况而定。如:

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

我记得他昨天给了我一本书。

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.

他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。

(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态

(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:

He told me that he would take part in the competition.

他告诉我他将会参加比赛。

(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:

He told me that the earth is round.(真理)

他告诉我地球是圆的。

2.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时 ,要特别注意从句的

语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:

What’s Kate’s e-mail address?Do you know?

=Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?

你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?

3.宾语从句的连接词

(1)that 引导的宾语从句。如:

“She is a good girl,”the teacher told us.

=The teacher told us(that) she was a good girl.

老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。

注意:that 一般可以省略,但是当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的 that 可以省略

外,其余从句中的 that 都不可以省略。如:

He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.

他说这部电影非常有趣,并且他非常喜欢看。

(2)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如:

When did he leave for Japan?Could you tell me?

=Could you tell me when he left for Japan?

你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?

4.否定转移

在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose 等时,要将宾语从句的否定

词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:

I don’t think he will come with you.

我认为他不会和你一起来。

5.宾语从句的简化

(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时,从句

可简化为不定式结构。如:

I hope that I can receive your e-mail.

=I hope to receive your e-mail.

我希望能收到你的电子邮件。

(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 know,remember,forget,learn 等,从句由疑问

词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:

She doesn’t know what she should do next.

=She doesn’t know what to do next.

她不知道下一步该做什么。

(3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如:

I don’t believe what Tom said.

=I don’t believe Tom’s words.

我不相信汤姆所说的话。

题组训练

一、根据要求完成句子

1.Mr.Lee asked Tom,“Where have you been?”(改为间接引语)

Mr.Lee asked Tom 　 where he had been 　 .

2.The teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”(改为间接引语)

The teacher told us 　 light travels 　 much faster than sound.

3.We haven’t decided if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.(改为同义句)

We haven’t decided 　 whether to go 　 to Hainan Island for a holiday.

4.I think Daniel’s finished his homework.(改为否定句)

I 　 don’t think 　 Daniel 　 has 　 finished his homework.

5.He seems to have learnt about the bad news.(改为同义句)

It seems 　 that he has learnt 　 about the bad news.

6.Who is the man?Could you tell me?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思)

Could you tell me 　 who the man is 　 ?

随堂练习

全国题组

1.(2019 天津,34)—Could you tell me 　　　 for the fruit?

—By paying over the Internet.

A.how much will I pay B.how much I will pay

C.how will I pay D.how I will pay

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