《八年级英语语法知识一遍过》专题10 非谓语动词(原卷版)

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非谓语动词
本章内容 1.知识结构
2.知识解析
3.知识拓展
4.河北真题训练
一.知识结构
二.知识解析
考点 不定式
  1.不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式:to+词原,时可以不to,这里to 是不定式符,本身无词,词不定式
否定形式是 not+to+动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
  2.不定式的基本用法
1
用法 说明 例句
动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,
避免句子头重脚轻。其结构为 It+be+adj.+to do sth.
To learn English well is useful.
=It is useful to learn English well.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个 for
短语。其结构为 It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.
It is good for you to go out for a
walk.
某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(
kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite )作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个
of ,It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do
sth.
It’s not polite of him to speak to
old people like that.
两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式to,面的
定式通常省略 to
To go to sleep early and get up
early is a good habit.
不 定 式 用 在 及 物 动 词 后 作 宾 语 ,常 见 的 及 物 动 词
:begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,
manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,ag
ree,start,like
I can’t afford to buy a digital
camera at the moment.
find,think 后跟不定式作宾语,常用 it 代替,将真正的宾语放在
后面
I find it easy to read English
every day.
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would
like,advise,encourage
My mother encourages me to
learn Japanese.
使,
to 。 这 些 动 词 有 :一 感 (feel) 、 二 听 (hear,listen to) 、 三 让
(let,make,have)(look at,see,watch,notice)
须加上 to
I often hear Li Ming sing in the
next room.
动词 help 后面的不定式,既可以带 to,也可以不带 to
You must help me(to)do my
homework this afternoon.
作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 I have some clothes to wash.
果不及物,且与构成被动
,则不定式要加上相应的介词
He is looking for a room to live
in.
We have a lot of things to talk
2
about.
当不定式修饰的名词是 time,place way ,不定式后面习惯上省略
介词
My grandma had no place to
live(in)in the old days.
something,anything,nothing , ,
something,anything,nothing 有形容词修饰,词序是“something/
anything/nothing+形容词+不定式”
I had something cold to drink.
不定式作目的状语时可放在句首或句尾
To be a good student,one must
study hard.
和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语 We are sorry to trouble you.
作程度或结果状语时,常与 enough(表示肯定)too(表示否定)连用 He is old enough to go to school.
He is too young to go to school.
作表语
示主业、,通常词前面的
进行解释说明
His wish is to become a doctor.
和疑问
词连用
what,which,when,where,how ,
语、宾语、表语等成分
He didn’t know where to go.
=He didn’t know where he should
go.
题组训练 用所给词语的正确形式填空
I hope     (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.
He found it hard     (catch up with)his classmates.
Father asks me     (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.
All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them     (laugh).
Let him     (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.
We have two rooms     (live)in,but I can’t decide which one     (choose).
知识拓展
一、某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别
1.
Stop to think about it for a moment.
停下来想一下这件事。
Stop talking, please.请不要说话。
3
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