《八年级英语下学期期末专项复习（外研版）》专题15 阅读理解

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专题 15 阅读理解（含答案解析）

第一部分题型解题技巧

一、阅读理解题型介绍

阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主

要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观

点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。

二、阅读理解题型做题技巧

一、分门别类识别文体。

记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之

间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。

议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，

再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。

应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类

文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

二、统览全篇摘录要点

阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取

义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案

则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

三、开动脑筋推测词义

初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有 3%生词的语言

材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的

行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:

(1)根据上下文猜测调义。

(2)根据构词法猜测词义。

前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy; fair unfair; important-unimportant 等。

缀-ment 表名词，如develop development; state statement; argue- argument 等。

后最-er、-or 或-ist 表同源名词，如calculate- calculator; visit- visitor; law- lawyer; art-artist 等。

四、用知识和生活经验理解短文

如根据化学知识，可以理解 Walter is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解 Green

plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.

还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。

五、条分缕析理解长旬

物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主

次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，

此句就不难理解了。

第二部分阅读理解专项训练

阅读理解 01

There are many ways to help improve your health, like eating healthy food, exercising and getting medical

help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The

general sleeping is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But some people need to sleep more while it

is enough for some people to sleep for a few hours.

The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the

World Health Organization, over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only

makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000

traffic accidents a year. Also, sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure (高血压).

Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In American culture, people put

a higher value (价值) on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy” . Also, you

can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep, and they only sleep four or

five hours at night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do.

How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James

Maas, an expert (专家) in sleep. He says, “Sleep is like a credit card (信用卡). When you sleep less, you are only

borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should sleep

to ‘pay back’ the hours on your sleep credit card.”

For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said, “Don’t think

you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish idea which is held by people who

have no imagination. You will be able to do more.”

1．The writer thinks the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to ________.

A．eat much healthy food every day B．take exercise as much as possible

C．get medical help whenever necessary D．sleep eight hours or more every night

2．The underlined word “sleep-deprived” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A．sleeping enough B．having less sleep

C．caring about sleep health D．avoiding getting ill

3．According to Dr. James Maas in Paragraph 4, sleep is like ________.

A．an accident B．a report C．a credit card D．an expert

4．What is the best title of the passage?

A．The Value of Sleep B．The Experiments of Sleep

C．The Reason of Sleep D．The Culture of Sleep

阅读理解 02

Some people have fun collecting rocks. Collecting rocks is easy — you just pick up a rock! But here are a few

ideas to get you started on your rock collection.

Which rocks to collect

You can collect rocks according to color, shape, quality or anything that you find interesting. Many rock

collectors try to collect all the connected rocks from the area where they live. Others look for unusual rocks from

places they visit.

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