《八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（山东版）》专题12 非谓语动词（原卷版）

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非谓语动词

本章内容：

1.知识解析

2.知识拓展.

3.山东题组专练

一．知识解析

考点一　动词不定式

　　1.动词不定式的构成

动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以省略 to,这里的 to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定

式的否定形式是 not+(to+)动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

　　2.动词不定式的基本用法

用法说明例句

作

主

语

动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主

语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻

To learn English well is useful.

=It is useful to learn English well.

如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者 ,可以在不定式

前加一个 for 短语。其结构为 It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do

sth.

It is good for you to go out for a walk.

在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如

kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite 等)作表语时,不定式之前

可以加一个 of 短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为

It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.

It’s not polite of him to speak to old people

like that.

两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时 ,第一个不定式带

to,后面的不定式通常省略 to

To go to sleep early and get up early is a

good habit.

作

宾

语

不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有

begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,ho

pe,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promis

e,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like 等

I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the

moment.

在find,think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 作形式宾语,而

将真正的宾语放在后面

I find it easy to read English every day.

在某些句型中,不定式中的 to 常被省略,如Why not do...?

Why don’t you do...?...had better do...,...would rather

do...,Could/Would/Will you please do...?

I would rather stay in the room.

作

宾

语

补

足

语

常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有

want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage 等

My mother encourages me to learn

Japanese.

一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补 ,这时不定

式要省略 to。这些动词有一感(feel) 、二听 (hear,listen

to) 、三让 (let,make,have) 、四看 (look

at,see,watch,notice)。但变成被动语态时必须加上 to

I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.

动词 help 后面的不定式,可以带 to,也可以不带 to

You must help me(to)do my homework

this afternoon.

作

定

语

作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 I have some clothes to wash.

如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 ,且与它所修饰的词

构成逻辑上的被动关系,则作定语的不定式要加上相应

的介词;但是,当不定式修饰的名词是 time,place 或way

时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词

He is looking for a room to live in.

We have a lot of things to talk about.

My grandma had no place to live(in)in the

old days.

不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing 时,放在它们的后

面,如果 something,anything,nothing 有形容词修饰,词序

是:something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式

I had something cold to drink.

作

状

语

不定式经常作目的状语,可位于句首或句末 To be a good student,one must study hard.

和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作

原因状语

We are sorry to trouble you.

作程度或结果状语时,常与 enough(表示肯定)或too(表示

否定)连用

He is old enough to go to school.

He is too young to go to school.

作表语

表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等 ,通常对连系动词

前面的名词进行解释说明

His wish is to become a doctor.

和疑问

词连用

不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,how 连用,在

句中作主语、宾语、表语等

He didn’t know where to go.

=He didn’t know where he should go.

题组训练　根据提示完成句子

I hope ① 　　 (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.

He found it hard ② 　　 (catch up with)his classmates.

Father asks me ③ 　　 (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.

All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them ④ 　　 (laugh).

Let him ⑤ 　　 (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.

We have two rooms ⑥ 　　 (live)in,but I can’t decide which one 　　 (choose).

考点二　动名词和分词

一、动名词

1.动名词的构成

动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保

留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。

2.动名词的基本用法

用法说明例句

作主语

动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。有时可用 it

作形式主语,将用作真正主语的动名词放在句末

Swimming is good for our health.

It’s interesting playing with

children.

作宾语

动词

enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest,imagine,con

sider 等后面接动名词作宾语

Her sister practices speaking English every day.

某些由介词构成的短语动词,如be interested in,be proud

of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take part

in 等之后也接动名词作宾语

We are proud of being Chinese.

We are used to living in this city.

作定语通常位于名词前 They found another hiding place.

作表语表示主语具有抽象名词特性 Seeing is believing.

注意:① 英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆:

完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)

继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)

考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like)

喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)

② 下列短语中的 to 为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。

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