《八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（山东版）》专题11 被动语态（解析版）

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被动语态

本章内容：

1.知识解析

2.知识拓展.

3.山东题组专练

一．知识解析

动词的语态

一、被动语态的构成及用法

(一)被动语态的构成

1.被动语态的基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词

2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词 do 为例):

时态主动语态被动语态

例句

主动语态被动语态

一般现

在时 do/does am/is/are+done

We clean the

classroom.

The classroom is

cleaned by us.

一般过

去时 did was/were+done He made the kite.

The kite was　

made by him.

现在进

行时 am/is/are+doing

am/is/are

+being

done

She is watering the

plants.

The plants are

being watered

by her.

现在完

成时 have/has+done

have/has+

been done

Jim has finished the

work.

The work has been

finished by Jim.

一般将

来时

will/shall/be

going to+do

will/shall/

be going to

+be done

They will plant

trees tomorrow.

Trees will be

planted by

them tomorrow.

过去进

行时

was/were+doing was/were

+being

done

She was writing a

letter this time

yesterday.

A letter was

being written

by her this

time yesterday.

3.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如:

Anything here can’t be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。

(二)被动语态的用法

在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:

This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。

2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:

More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。

3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语使用广

泛)

4.句子的主语是物。如:

Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。

二、主动语态和被动语态的转换

(一)主动语态变为被动语态

1.要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。

2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,作by 的宾语。

3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:

We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→

He was asked to sing an English song by us.

　　(二)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态

谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转

化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to

或for。如:

She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→

I was given a book by her.(间接宾语 me 变为主语)

A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语 a book 变为主语)

　　(三)动词短语变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但

是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如:

We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to 不可省略)

　　(四)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态

宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留

在原处,成为主语补足语。如:

I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.

　　(五)变被动语态后动词形式的选择

主动句中在感官动词 see,hear,watch,feel,notice 等及使役动词 let,make,have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式,变为

被动句时,应加上不定式符号 to。如:

He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him.

二．知识拓展

主动结构表被动意义

1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语

态表被动意义。如:

This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得好。

2.look,sound,taste,smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:

School uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着校服很难看。

3.be worth doing 用主动形式表被动意义。如:

This book is worth reading.这本书值得读一读。

4.“want/need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+to be done”。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。

如:

My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。

不用被动语态的情况

1.当主动句的宾语是 each other 或反身代词时,不能用作被动语态的主语。如:

The man introduced himself as Mr.White.(主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。

Himself was introduced as Mr.White.(误)

They help each other to study English.(主动语态)他们互相帮助学习英语。

Each other is helped to study English.(误)

2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。如:

We will have a meeting.(主动语态)我们将要开一个会。

A meeting will be had by us.(误)

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