《八年级英语上册期末考点大串讲(人教新目标版)》专题04 语法归纳及专练(原卷版)

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侵权投诉
语法归纳及专练
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
构成方式 例词
规 则
变化
单音节和
部分双音
节词
一般在词尾加-er-est smallsmallersmallest
highhigherhighest
e
-r-st
largelargerlargest
nicenicernicest
以两个辅音字母加一个元音字
母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写
词尾的辅音字母,再加-er-est
bigbiggerbiggest
thinthinnerthinnest
+y
yi,再加-er-est
uglyuglierugliest
busybusierbusiest
er ow
词,词尾加-er-est
narrownarrowernarrowest
clevercleverercleverest
多音节
其他双音节词和多音节词及分
词形容词,在词前加
moremost
importantmore importantmost important
tiredmore tiredmost tired
quickly more quickly most quickly
不 规
则 变
bad/illworseworstmuch/manymoremostgood/wellbetterbest
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest /eldestlittlelessleast
【巧学顺口溜】
合二为一共三对,坏病两多和两好;
一分为二有两个,一是远来二是老;
还有一词含双义,只记少来不记小。
(对应的词为:bad/illmany/muchgood/wellfaroldlittle)
【易错警示】
1. farther/farthest further/furthest 的区别:二者表示距离时,往往可互换,但是用于引申
义,表示程度时,只能使用后者。
He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。
His suggestion is that Kate should be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往
国外进修。
2. older/oldest elder/eldest 的区别:前者用于人或者物,可作定语和表语,可与 than 连用,
而后者主要用于家人之间,表明长幼关系,往往用于人,不用于物,而且只作定语不作表
语,也不与 than 连用。
I’m two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。
His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。
考向二 形容词比较等级的句式结构和用法
句式结构 含义 例句
A+be+形容词
比较级 than+B
表示一方超过或低于
另一方的情况 You are taller than me. 你比我高。
Hangzhou is more beautiful than Wuhan. 杭州比武汉美丽。
【知识拓展】
1. 在形容词的比较级前还可以muchevenstilla little 来修饰,表示"……得
多""甚至……""更……"
Our city is much more beautiful than yours. 我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。
2. 表示"是几倍,大几岁,高几厘米"时,可用"倍数/数量词+比较级+than"。
Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍大。
She is a head taller than me. 她比我高一头。
3. "比较级+than any other+数名词"表示"比其他的任何……都……",用比较
级形式来表达最高级含义。
He is better than any other student in the class. 他比班里其他任何一个学生都好。
as+形容词原级
+as 表示"……和……一
样……"
You are as tall as me. 你和我一样高。
The weather in Beijing is not as( =so) hot as that in Wuhan.
京的天气不如武汉热。
【知识拓展】
倍数的表达方法
...times as+形容词原级+as(是……的几倍……),在英语中,两倍用 twice,三倍及
三倍以上用 three/four... times
This garden is ten times as large as that one. 这个花园是那个的十倍大。
half as+形容词原级+as (……的一半……)
1
My handwriting is not half as good as yours. 我的书法不如你的一半好。
比较级+and+
比较级 表示"越来越…… China is becoming stronger and stronger.
中国正变得越来越强大。
the+比较级,
the+比较级
表示"越……,就越
…… The quicker you walk, the less time you will use.
你走得越快,花的时间就越少。
A+be+形容词
最高级 of/in…
表示"A在某范围内
是最……的"
Michael is the best teacher in Jim’s eyes.
在吉姆看来,迈克尔是最好的老师。
【知识拓展】
of/in 后接短语表示范围时,of 后接表同一类事物的名词或者代词,而 in
接表示一定区域或组织等空间范围的名词。
China has the largest population in the world. 中国拥有世界上最多的人口。
The sun is the most important to the earth of all the stars. 在所有的星星中,太阳地球
最重要。
1.—You are singing to the plants!
—That’s true. I believe it helps them grow ___________.
A. slower B. better C. harder
2.This T-shirt is a bit expensive for me.
But this is ___________ one in our shop, sir.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest
3.—Mike plays the drums so wonderfully!
Of course. He is ___________ than any other students in his class.
A. talented B. more talented C. less talented D. the most talented
4.What do you think of the band’s performance?
It could be ___________. I think they’re feeling very nervous.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
5.Who sings ___________ in your class?
Li Jing does.
A. most beautifully B. most beautiful C. more beautifully D. more beautiful
6.To make rivers ___________ than before, everybody is supposed to protect them.
A. dirty B. dirtier C. clean D. cleaner
7.The flying squirrel might be one of ___________ animals you could meet during the trip.
A. strange B. stranger C. strangest D. the strangest
8.The living room becomes ___________ as the sunlight comes in through the windows.
A. bigger B. cleaner C. quieter D. brighter
9.Sam is 11 years old. Peter is 16 years old. Peter is 5 years ___________ than Sam.
A. older B. shorter C. newer D. longer
2
10.There will be no winner in the trade war between China and the US.
I agree. If we can’t avoid it, the relationship will get ___________ as time goes on.
A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst
不定代词
不明代某个人某个事物事物的代词不定代词。不定代词可以代和形容
词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词有主宾格之分,在句中可作主语表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法
不定代词 成分
allbotheachneithereithermuchlittlemany
fewothersomeanyone 在句中可作主语、宾表语和定语
everyone everybody everything someone
somebodysomethinganyoneanybodyanything
no onenobodynothingnone
在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
everyno 在句中只能作定语
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)someany 的用法
用法 例句
some any 作定语时可以修饰可数名
词,可以修饰不可数名词
Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 的一
卖出去了(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可
数名词)
some
告、邀请、或不对方拒绝疑问
中用 some 而不用 any
Some of the boys are good at swimming. 些男孩擅游泳
Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水?
any
句中;用于定句中,表示"任何"
If you have any questions, please ask me. 问题,可以
我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子
some any 可以用来修饰单数名
词,some 表示"某一";any 表示"任
何的"
Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以
问题
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 将会
月球
(2)fewa fewlittlea little 的用法
用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词
表示概念 a few 少,但有几个 a little 少,但有一
表示概念 few 不多,几乎没little 不多,什么
【知识拓展】
1. 个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。
Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人过北京。(主语)
I know little about the book. 我几不知书的内容。()
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶(定语)
He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友(定语)
2. a little little 也可以用作词,a little 表示"有稍微",little 表示"少"。
I’ m a little hungry. 我有点俄(修饰形容词 hungry)
Let him sleep a little. 会儿(修饰sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. 丽,走快一点儿(修饰词比较级)
(3)otherthe otherothersthe othersanother 的用法
用法 例句
other
使
别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一
?
3
《八年级英语上册期末考点大串讲(人教新目标版)》专题04 语法归纳及专练(原卷版).doc

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