专题06 阅读理解-新六年级英语暑假讲义

3.0 envi 2025-02-24 19 4 45.26KB 11 页 3知币
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第六讲 专题训练—阅读理解
一、知识整合
一、阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。
1.故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫，只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。
这类短文一般难度不大，认真阅读，仔细选择，问题都可以解决
如Write a Letter to Mary, A Dirty Boy, On the Bus 等
2.小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如,Time, the Spring Festival .等,
即使文章较长,问题也十分明显，从文中都能找到答案. 
同学可动手做做下题：根据短文内容选择答案.
Sam is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He 
washes them with water only. He does not use soap. Sam has an uncle. One day his 
uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know what you ate for 
breakfast this morning.”
“What” Sam looks at his uncle and says. 
“Eggs”says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.”
“You are wrong, uncle!”says Sam, “Not today or yesterday,but the day before yesterday(前天)!”
(  )(1).Who is Sam ？
   A. He is English. B. He is a student. C. He is a young pioneer. D. He is a teacher. 
(  )(2) What’s the Chinese for “dirty”
A. It’s “ 脏的“ B It’s “干净的” C It’s “坏的 “ D It’s “好的”
(  )(3) What’s on Sam’s face and mouth ?   
A. Eggs. B. Soap  C. Water D. Bread 
(  )(4) Which of these is not wrong 
A. Sam doesn’t wash his face and hands every day.    
B.The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning.    
C. Sam doesn’t like eggs at all.    D. Sam doesn’t know his uncle.
二、解题时有以下几种方法：
  （1）略读法：关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，获得足够的信息以便准确地
回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段，第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图，而最
后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，因为把每段主题句的意思
综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想，文章的主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。
  （2）查阅法：考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以阅读就
行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息，即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关
或者具体的数字。
（3）同义互释法：在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。
  （4）判断推理法：有时 4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理
题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。
注意事项
１、弄清文章体裁，快速理解文章。对不同体裁的文章，要根据其体裁特点，运用不同的方法快速阅
读，正确理解。记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件，然后详细叙述原因。议论文中，作者先提论
点，再加以分析，或举例论证，得出结论。说明文中，作者先提出说明对象，然后从时间、空间、用途、
方法、步骤等不同侧面加以说明。
1
２、仔细研读首尾句，预测文中细节。小学升学考试英语文章往往隐去了标题，这给抓文章中心带来了
困难。然而，英语的写作特点一般是按"总-分-总"这一思路来写的。因此，研读首、尾句，不但可以帮助
考生抓住文章的内容，还可以揣测作者的态度、意图，从而进一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。
３、略读选答，带问阅读。做英语阅读理解题时，首先应浏览一遍所提问题及选项，然后带着这些问题
有目的、有针对性地阅读文章。
４、联系生活常识，及早排除错误选项。阅读理解中四个选项，有时有一个或两个与常识或其他学科中
所学的知识不相符。我们可先将其排队在阅读中对所剩下的选项进行筛选就容易多了。
  5、解题前要仔细通读全文，遇到难解的词组和句子不要急躁，尽量根据上下文悟出其义，解题时要"带
着问题读查短文"分析判断，整题解完后要认真复查。 6、注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯。有的考生先看
题目后看文章，有的先看文章再看题目，你平时怎么练，考试就怎么做。临时改变自己的习惯效果往往不
好。其次，看清楚题目是概括中心型还是推理判断性。概括某一段的中心时注意这一段的首句和尾句；推
理判断题要注意题目问的是作者的态度，不是你的态度。
例1
Mexico（墨西哥）'s neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico
is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of
Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.
Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 metres).
This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day.
About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.
Mexico also has its specialities. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados,
tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙
人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.
( ) 1. Mexico is ____the USA.
A. on the south of B. on the north of C. a part of D. as large as
( ) 2. Mexicans speak______.
A. English B. Spanish C. French D. Latin(拉丁语)
( ) 3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.
B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.
C. Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.
D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world.
( ) 4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in ______.
A. America B. Spain C. Tokyo D. Mexico
( ) 5. The best title (题目) of the passage is ___.
A.Mexico City B. Mexico's plants C. Mexico D. Mexico's population
答案：ABDDC
小题 1:推理判断题。结合文章 Mexico's neighbours are the United States to the north 可知答案。
小题 2:细节理解题。结合文章 The language of Mexico is Spanish 可知答案。
小题 3:细节理解题。结合文章 The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 metres). This makes it one of
the highest capital cities in the world 可知答案。
小题 4:细节理解题。结合文章 Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and
chocolate come from Mexico 可知答案。
2
小题 5:文章标题题。结合文章内容 A、B、D都有涉及，所以选 C
例2
Mr. Johns went into his tea shop again one morning, and sat on one of the seats at the counter ( 柜台). Many other
people also came in, but most of them did not stay long. After fifteen minutes, a young man and a young woman
came in. There were only two empty seats at the counter; one on Mr. Johns’ left, and the other on his right. The
young man sat on one, and the young woman on the other, but Mr. Johns immediately ( 立刻) asked to change
places with him so that the man and the woman could be together. “Oh, that isn’t necessary( 需要 ),” the young
woman said. But Mr. Johns insisted (坚持). When the young man and the young woman were sitting side by side,
the young man said to her, “well, this kind old man wanted us to sit together, so may I introduce( 介绍) myself? My
name’s jack. What’ s yours?”
（ ）1. One morning Mr. Johns came into the tea shop and_______________
A. sat close to the counter
B. found no seat for him to sit on because many people came also
C. seemed to stay longer than all the other people
D. gave his seat to the young man and the young women
（ ）2. After the young man and the young woman came in ______________
A. Mr. Johns thought they came too early
B. Mr. Johns thought they were friends or husband and wife
C. The young man asked Mr. Johns to change places
D. they wanted to be together
（ ）3. When the young woman said, “that isn’t necessary.” Mr. Johns_______________
A. didn’t understand her B. knew well what she meant
C. was afraid not to change places with her D. decided to stay a little longer
（ ）4. ___________________before Mr. Johns met them in the tea shop.
A. The young man got to know the young woman outside
B. The young man and the young woman didn’t know each other
C. was afraid not to change places with her
D. decided to stay a little longer
（ ）5. Which of the sentences is true?
A. Mr. Johns came to this tea shop for the first time
B. Most of the people didn’t leave the shop until it was closed
C. There were no other empty seats at the counter except the two beside Mr. Johns
D. it seemed that the young woman wanted to change places with Mr. Johns.
答案；ABABC
扩展
词汇
1. lose 丢失 2. know 知道
3. What happened? 出了什么事？ 4. climb up 爬上
5. hold onto 抓紧6. fly away 飞走
9. September 九月 10. wet 潮湿
3
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