中考语法专题《宾语从句》

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中考语法专题《宾语从句》

一、宾语从句的概念和结构

在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。

I like my teacher. (名词作宾语)

I enjoy playing basketbal l . (动名词作宾语)

I decide to study hard. (不定式作宾语)

I know him. (代词作宾语)

I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语)

She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语)

即当宾语是由一个句子在充当时，这个句子就叫宾语从句。

结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句

I love what you gave me.

宾语从句的类型：

动词宾语从句：主语 + 动词 + 宾语从句

此类动词有：say, tell, think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等

如：I hope that our team will win the match.

介词宾语从句：主语 + 谓语 + 介词 + 宾语从句

如：I agree with what you said just now.

形容词宾语从句：主语 + be + 形容词 + 宾语从句

此类形容词有：afraid, sure, glad, sorry 等

如：I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

二、宾语从句三要素

1. 宾语从句的语序

连接词

主句宾语从句

宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。

陈述句语序：主句 + 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分

Helen says that she will learn French next year.

引导词主语谓语

【易错点】语序不变的情况：

1. 疑问句的特殊语序

①What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?/What happened?

②Which is the way to …?

③Who 引导的特殊疑问句且 who 做主语

I don’t know what’s the matter?

Can you tell me who is over there?

2. 感叹句

You can’t imagine how sad I was yesterday.

【典型例题】

Excuse me, can you tell me _______?

A. where is there a good place to live

B. where a good place is to live

C. where is a good place to live

D. where there is a good place to live

【答案】D

—Could you tell me _______?

—Sure. Walk straight along this street and you'll find it.

A. how can I get to the post office

B. where was the post office

C. which is the way to the post office

D. where the post office was

【答案】C

Do you know when ______ today.

A. is the bookstore closed

B. does the bookstore close

C. the bookstore closes

D. is the bookstore closing

【答案】C

You can’t imagine ______ when they received these Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

【答案】B

The manager came up to see _______.

A. what was the matter B. what the matter was

C. what is the matter D. what the matter is

【答案】C

2. 宾语从句的时态

1、主现从不限（需要性原则）

主句是一般现在时，从句不限时态，可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来

决定时态）

He says that he is good at English.

He says that he has been ill for two days.

I don’t know if he will come tomorrow.

2、主过从过 (呼应性原则)

主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时

等）。

He asked me where I lived.

He said that she had been ill for two days.

She said that she would return soon.

3、特殊情况：

1. 当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。

The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”.

He said that the earth is round.

2. 当主句是 Could/Would you tell me….? 时，could/would 表示语气委婉，不表示过去时态。

Could you tell me if you are the first one to arrive here?

【典型例题】

用所给动词的适当形式填空

(1) The radio says it __________ (be) cloudy tomorrow.

(2) She said that she _________ (fly) to Japan in a week.

(3) He asked what they ____________ (do) at eight last night.

(4) The teacher told his students that light _________ (travel) faster than sound.

【答案】will be; would fly; were doing; travels

—Excuse me, do you know _____ yesterday?

—Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m. yesterday.

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