阅读理解之词义猜测题（教师版）

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阅读理解—词义猜测题解题技巧

学习目标：

阅读理解 C、D篇常会有 1道题目考查猜词题，多考查词、短语以及句子的猜测，需要学生能够根据上下文的理解

作出准确的判断。

1. 学习猜词题的特征以及常见的设问方式

2. 学习猜词题的解题方法，并能够熟练应用于具体的题目中

课堂导入：

Although Adam is a green hand, he can drive very well. ( 新手 )

- 阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 -

1. （1）词义猜测题的基本概念：指利用语境 (上下文) 推测、判断某些生词词义的题。

（2）词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：

The underlined word/phrase in the passage means .

The word "it/them" in the first paragraph refers to .

The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means .

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph?

2. 词义猜测题解题技巧

（1）根据定义或解释猜测词义

通过定义，定语从句，词组，同位语从句来体现。

常见标志词：is, that is, in other words, or, namely (即；也就是), mean, be called, refer to 或破折号等来解释说

明。

A bag is useful and the word "bag" is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is "to let the cat out of the

bag." It is the same as "to tell a secret" …

Now when someone lets out a secret, he "lets the cat out of the bag."

John "lets the cat out of the bag" means he . ( A

)

A. makes everyone know a secret B. makes a woman buy a cat

C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag

【分析】在这篇文章里，"let the cat out of the bag"虽然是一个新出现的短语，但后文紧接着就给出解释 It is

the same as "to tell a secret." 根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案。

Three factors influence an individual's level of motivation: competence, autonom y, and relatedness. Competence

is the drive to feel able and successful. Autonomy means being able to "be ourselves". Relatedness is the human need

to communicate with others and form relationships.

When we are praised for having done well, our need for competence is met. When we are given responsibility —

a chance to feel in control, we build esteem and our need for autonomy is met. When we feel we are loved for who we

are, not for what we do, we develop a strong sense of self-worth and our need for relatedness is met. People who meet

their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness will feel good about themselves, and will then get motivation

to develop, grow, and succeed.

The underlined word "autonomy" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ". ( B

)

A. communicating with others

B. having control of our own life

C. building up our self-esteem

D. being praised and loved by others

【分析】由信息句“ Autonomy means being able to 'be ourselves'. ” 可知， autonomy 是指“ 有能力做自己 ” 。再

由“ When we are given responsibility-a chance to feel in control, we build esteem and our need for autonomy is met.

”对该词的举例说明可知，autonomy 意为“ 自制力 ”。

（2）根据情境进行判断

As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home.

If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place

in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.

In the text, the underlined words "put an end to" means " ".

A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly

【分析】根据文章所提供的情境，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的

职责。

（3）根据逻辑关系猜测词义

① 利用并列、比较关系的词猜测词义

常见的表并列 (近义)、比较关系的词

and 和；并且；然后 or 或者

also

也

as well as

和

likewise 同样地

similarly

相似地；类似地

just as 就像 both ... and ……和……都

not only … but

also

不但……，而

且……

either ... or

或者

……

或者

……

neither ... nor 既不……也不…… as … as 和……一样……

Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it was hoarse . ( 沙哑的 )

Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. ( 肮脏的 ).

【分析】在含有 though, but 等含有转折词的句子中，主从句某些词构成对比关系。即可看出 soft and

sweet 和hoarse 及 clean 和grubby 意义相对。

There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in

the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.

What does the underlined word "steam" mean in Chinese? ( D )

A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽

【分析】从语法上看，steam 和hot water 是并列关系，我们就可断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。

所给四个选项中只有 D“蒸汽”有这种可能。

②根据同义、反义关系猜测词

常见表对比 (反义) 关系的词：

but 但是 however, while, yet 然而；但是

otherwise

否则

although/though 尽管

unlike

不像……

instead/instead

of/rather than

而不是

……

still 仍然 on the other hand 另一方面

on the contrary 相反地 in contrast 相反

He is so home ly. not at all as handsome as his brother. ( 不英俊；不漂亮 )

Be thankful and simple. Make sure you thank the important people who helped you reach your goal. Don't be too

arro

gant or full of yourself but don't be so modest that the audience thinks you are looking down upon the honor.

It's only natural to be a little excited, so use this to get on well with the audience. At this year's Oscars, The King's

Speech director Tom Hooper told the story of how he only came to make the movie thanks to the help of his

Australian mother, who was in the audience.

The underlined word "arrogant" may mean . ( D )

A. Honest B. Relaxed C. Excited D. self-centered

【分析】根据“or”表示同义关系，可知 arrogant 和full of yourself 同义，表示“以自我为中心的”，便可推断出

引申为“傲慢；目中无人”。

【要点词汇】modest adj.

谦逊的；谦虚的 audience n. 观众 looking down upon

瞧不起；看不起

③ 根据因果关系猜测词义

常见表示"因果"关系的词：

because 因为 since, for 因为

as 由于 in order to, so as

为了

as a result

结果

thus, therefore

因此

lead to, result in 导致 cause 引起

如：

The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. ( 枯萎；凋谢 )

Lorraine soon began to concern it because she saw that Brian was developing too slowly. ( 担心；关心 )

（4）利用构词法猜测词义

①派生法——在一个单词 (词根) 加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词。

前缀，一般只改变词义。后缀，它一般改变原词的词性，同时也改变词义。常见的前缀后缀如下：

a. 否定前缀 un-, dis-, im-, mis-，如：happy/unhappy, fair/unfair, important/unimportant

b. 名词后缀-ment, -tion, -ness, -ian, -ure, -ing，如：develop/development, move/movement

c. 表职业的名词后缀-er, -or 或-ist，如：visit/visitor, law/lawyer, wait/waiter, science/scientist

d. 形容词后缀-ful, -ing, -ed, -y, -able, - ible, -ical, -al，如：care/careful, believe/believable

When he reached the place with his army, he found an im passable river in front of him. ( 不能通行的 )

构词：im- (否定前缀) + pass (v. 通过) + -able (形容词后缀，能……的) → impassable

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