七年级英语考点13-阅读理解(原卷版)

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考点十三 阅读理解
【课程讲解】
————小学初中课程概要————
小学课程 初中课程
小学英语中,掌握阅读理解的基本做题方
法。
初中英语中,掌握阅读理解的做题方法。
【知识再现】
————小学知识总结————
阅读一是要读得懂,二是要读得快,读而不懂不行,懂而太慢也不行,作为阅读的基本要求,如
何才能帮助我们的学生们打好阅读的基础呢?
  一、培养正确的阅读习惯
  有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯,如一个词一个词地读,且常伴有一些习惯
动作:用手指、摆头等,这就是速读的障碍,并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。有些不良的习惯会影
响到他们正常的阅读,我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式:(1)用手指或笔指词阅读;(2)逐词
阅读;(3)复读;(4)声读;(5)心译。这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度,不利于把注意力集
中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。应当指出,孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的
复视或回视,但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。
  二、加强按意群阅读的训练
  按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群,目
光要尽可能少地停顿。试比较:(1I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.(目光停顿 7次),(2I
usually / go to school / by bike.(目光停 3次)。其中,(1)为逐词读,(2) 为按意群读。具体说来
读的时候我们要指导学生,不要把目光停在某一个词上,而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词,眼睛
不要盯在字行上,要高一些,这样,映 入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词;读的时候要少眨眼、不摆
头,只要眼球来回转动就可以了;保持坐姿端正,书本应放到眼睛正前方,眼睛与书本距离大约一尺
为宜,这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息,正确的读书写字姿势,
如下图:关键在于它读(心读)读,而是过目光在语与大脑之间建立直接
。这是一个快速的过程,阅读训练的,我们
在平常可以学生试试以下两个方法:1. 已经熟悉的课文等文字读到能
的程度)。过这种练习,对是意群,分意群,如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心
词上,逐就会有所
  2. 把课文或阅读过的按意群分行写下来,再用目光使眼睛习惯于一
  阅读的练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内整阅读速
度,并利用头关知识,助尽可能少的文字信息推测和推
段客观作者意图。也就是说一些孩子能过。我们必须明子,
1
读的关键是要 的关键词题句。题句可能在各
可能出现在结
  三、培养语言预测
  所言预测,就是词语的习惯以语法知识(词法句法),上文,出下文
可能出现的内,达到“未睹的目的。如,利用词法的习惯,在读到 I go to school by ...
时,我们就能到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词;利用句法知识,在我们读到 Thank you for ...
我们就可以知下文会出现一个动词,这样就有助于我们在整体理解熟悉和词语的
能力的体现。如读到 He likes listening ... 时,就知to
Little Water Drop goes higher and ... 时也会知是一个比较的形式。
  眼到心先知,眼再到时得到证而过就行了,这样读就会快多了。
  避免翻
的时候,逐句译成中文来心译理解是的一个现。但如果总要依赖翻译,养成
习惯了,势影响到阅读速度。当用英文,这不是一下子就可以完做到的,但可以
如我们学了 apple 这个单词,我们在文章中到它时,并不是按英语——中文——实物去
解,而是可以直接由英语到。再如读到 She was flying a kite.时,我们就可以体会到
孩子手中拿着线风筝飘呀飘呀”了译成中文正在放风筝”后,再到
间环节。在英语的阅读理解中,孩子往往会或多或少地到各种各样的生词,这
是影响孩子阅读速度的大障碍了。把阅读过程比作一条奔流生词便是
使溪流漩激起浪花便便成为一潭死水生词障碍可以
词义来解词义的方法有多,有的时候不很难猜出一个词的正意义,其
这时只要孩子能看出它的词、在句中的作用,不影响阅读就
————初中知识归纳————
1、阅读文章,练习理阅读能力
2、快速阅读,练习速读
1) 先读文,题,再找答案
2) 先看题,后细找答案,再读各个题来答案
The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.5 There are some traditions that you can find almost
anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards,1 blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the
Happy Birthday song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries.5
In China, on a child’s second birthday, family members put many things on the floor around the child.
According to Chinese tradition, the first thing that the child picks up tells you what profession the child will choose
later in life.
For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At this age, there is a
special celebration Shichi-Go-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children go to the temple wearing a new
kimono ( ). The priest ( ) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their
friends in their home.2
2
In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration
when they reach the age of fifteen.3 After a special ceremony (), the girls dance a waltz with their father and
other boys.
Eighteen is the traditional “coming of age”, the age when (in many countries) you have the right to vote (
) 5, join the army 4and (in Britain) drink alcohol or buy a house.
In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is
sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the
family home at any time they want to!
1. Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere, anytime?
A. Putting many things on the floor.
B. Wearing a new kimono.
C. Dancing a waltz.
D. Sending birthday cards. D从第段第二句就能得出答案
2. The ______ usually organize a party at children’s special birthday celebration in Japan.
A. priests B. parents
C. friends D. Relatives B从第段最后一句便可知正确答案
3. Mexican girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of _____.
A. five B. seven
C. fifteen D. twenty-one C根据第四段第一句
4. In many countries you can _____ when you reach the age of eighteen.
A. join the army
B. have a key
C. have a special ceremony
D. have special sweets A从第五段中便可到正确答案
5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.
B. Some birthday traditions are only found in certain countries.
C. You become the owner of your house at the age of fifteen.
D. In many countries you have the right to vote at the age of eighteen.
C文,推断选项 ABD这三文中都有叙述,只有选项 C符合文章的意思,故选 C
6. Which is the best title of this passage?
A. Birthday Traditions around the World
B. Chinese Birthday Celebrations
C. Japanese Special Celebration
D. The Drinking Age in Many Countries A一句题句,并
要是介绍世界各地的生
3、词学习,练习语境猜
境猜词、词生词结、用词搭配、写意译等等。
3
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