牛津上海版9A非谓语动词讲解及练习

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◆ 非谓语基本知识

1、概念

非谓语是非谓语动词的简称，是指在句子中不作谓语的动词。

2、分类

非谓语分为三类：

◆ 不定式句法功能

1、不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子“头重脚轻“，用 it 作形式主语，而把真

正的不定式主语后置。

常考句型有：

(1) It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.

注意：当形容词用来修饰 to do sth 这件事时，用 for，意为“做某事对于某人

来说怎么样”

当形容词用来修饰 sb.时，用 of，意为“某人做某事怎么样”

e.g. It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。

It’s so kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。

(2) It is/was + n. + (for sb.) + to do sth.

e.g. It was a bad way to ride there. 骑自行车去那里不是个好办法。

(3) It took/cost sb…+to do sth.

e.g. It took me two hours to finish my work yesterday. 昨天我用了两个小时才干

完活。

【练一练】

1. It’s difficult for me to finish this task in two hours. 在两小时之内完成这个任务对

我来说很难。

不定式：(to) do (表将来)

动名词：doing (将动作事件化，不强调动作，只强调内容，相当于名词)

现在分词：doing (表进行、表主动)

分词

过去分词：done (表完成、表被动)

2. It’s so nice of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。

3. It’s an honour for me to speak here. 能在这儿演讲是我的荣幸。

4. It cost me 50 yuan to repair my bike. 我花了 50 元修自行车。

2、不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语主要有以下三组用法，中考主要考查对以下三组用法中动词的识

别：

(1) 动词 +不定式，如：I want to learn English.

(2) 动词 +疑问词+不定式，如：I don’t know how to learn English.

(3) 动词 +it+不定式 (it 作形式宾语)，如：I find it interesting to learn English.

详解：

(1) 动词 +不定式。适用于该用法的常考动词有：

hope, wish, want, expect, would like, agree, promise, refuse, manage, learn, decide,

pretend, choose, fail...

e.g. Detective Ken decided to interview Jill and Jenny.

Mr. Jones failed to get the insurance money.

(2) 动词 +疑问词+不定式。适用于该用法的常考动词有：

know, forget, remember, explain, discuss, wonder, teach, learn, show, ask, tell...

e.g. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。

Let’s discuss where to go first. 咱们讨论一下先去哪里。

(3) 动词 +it+不定式 (it 作形式宾语)。适用于该用法的常考动词有：find, think,

make.

e.g. We find it difficult to learn written Chinese. 我们发现学习中国文字很难。

I think it easy to answer this question. 我认为回答这个问题很简单。

We made it a rule to clean the classroom every day. 我们把每天打扫教室设为规

矩了。

【练一练】

1. I hope to be admitted to Beijing University. 我希望我能被北京大学录取。

2. She told me where to find the shop. 她告诉我哪里可以找到那个商店。

3. I find it easy to make the little baby smile. 我发现逗小宝宝笑很容易。

3、不定式作宾补

不定式作宾补有两种形式，即：带 to 不定式，不带 to 不定式

(1) 主+谓+宾+to do sth. 适用于该用法的常考动词有：

advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, like, expect, teach, warn, invite, allow...

e.g. I advised them to arrive early.

They didn’t invite May to join them.

(2) 主+谓+宾+do sth. 适用于该用法的常考动词有：“吾看三室两厅有感觉”

感官动词：“五看”see,notice, watch, look at, observe; “两听”hear, listen to;

“一感觉”feel.

使役动词：“三室”make, have, let

e.g. I saw him dance. 　=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the

whole night.

注意：在主动语态里省掉的 to，在被动语态中不能省。

【练一练】

1. Mr Jones expected the insurance company to pay him 300,000 dollars for the vase.

Mr. Jones 希望保险公司因丢失的花瓶付给他 30 万美元。

2. Do your parents allow you to go out in the night ? 你父母允许你晚上出去吗？

3. I heard my neighbor sing just now. 我刚听到邻居唱歌。

4、不定式作表语

当主语是抽象名词如 suggestion, dream, question, decision...时，用不定式作表语

对抽象名词进行解释说明 e.g. My suggestion is to leave right now.

5、不定式作定语

不定式作定语需后置，对名词进行补充说明性质的限定修饰。

e.g. Pansy made a promise to write an article on detectives.

I have lots of homework to do.

6、不定式作状语

I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）

Tom is too young to go to school. （结果）

To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （目的）

中考中，常对不定式作结果状语和目的状语进行考查，考查题型多为：句型转

换。涉及知识点：

(1) 结果状从：“too + adj. /adv. + to do”= “so…that…”= “not…enough to do sth.”

表示“太...而不能”

e.g. The girl is too young to go to school.

= The girl is so young that she can’t go to school.

=The girl is not old enough to go to school.

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