专题07 名词-备战高考英语基础语法专项训练

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专题 07 名词的基本用法

一、名词的类型

1.可数名词

个体名词:个体名词可以是人也可以是物体，还可以是抽象的。

1) The boy didn’t see his two aunts in the United States.

2) The poor family has a dog and a cat.

3) Two years is too long for me to stay in the poor village.

4) Many stories about the soldier had never been reported.

5) Several problems arose when dealing with the case.

集体名词:由个体组成，常见集体名词：

army, audience, committee, company, community, crew, enemy, data, family, government, flock, gang, navy,

police, press(媒体), staff, team, public, media, group, majority, minority

集体名词在使用的过程中有些做主语，谓语动词既可以是单数，也可以是复数，取决于是关注的整体，还

是强调集团里每个人或都如何。

1) The government is planning building a dam down the river.

政府打算在河流下游建造一座水坝。(做出决定，代表整体意志)

2) The government are discussing where to build the dam.

政府在讨论在哪建造水坝。(每个人都参与的)

3) His family is very large. 他们家人多。(强调整体给人的印象)

4) His family are all into pop music. 他们家人都喜欢流行音乐。(强调每个人的爱好)

有时候单复数又没太大区别，所以要灵活。

The school’s staff is(are) excellent. The audience was(were) excited by the star’s song.

2. 常见不可数名词（红色为重要的不可数名词）

抽象名词 :(absence, access, age, agriculture, anger, beauty, behavior, cancer, childhood, comfort, concern,

confidence, courage, death, depression, design, duty, economy, education, energy, environment, existence,

experience, failure, faith, fashion, fear, finance, freedom, fun, growth, happiness, health, help, history,

independence, industry, insurance, intelligence, joy, justice, labor, loneliness, love, luck, marriage, mercy, music,

nature, patience, peace, pleasure, policy, poverty, power, pride, protection, reality, relief, religion, respect, safety,

security, silence, sleep, time, strength, technology, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, violence, waste, wealth,

weather, worth, work, welfare, youth)

物质名词: 不好区分个体:(beer, cake, cheese, cloth, coal, coffee, cotton, fabric, fertilizer, fuel, fur, furniture

glue, ice, ink, iron, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil, paint, paper, plastic, poison, rain, salt, ribbon, sand,

salad, snow, soap, soil, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool),

但是有些可以变可数，表示“一份、一杯、一种”等；有些可以加复数表示特殊的意思。

1) That is a special tea. Would you like some?

2) Waiter! Bring us two beers, please.

3) The navy forbade any boats into the waters as they were carrying on military exercises.

3. 可数和不可数之间转化：

room 房间 room 空间 youth 年轻人 youth 青春

church 教堂 churc

礼拜 bed 床Time for

bed

睡觉时间

beauty 美人 beauty 美iron 熨斗 iron 铁

glass 玻璃杯 glass 玻璃 death 死人 death 死亡

paper 文档、件 paper 纸fruit 各种水果 fruit 水果

copper 硬币 coppe

铜fish 各种鱼 fish 鱼肉

二、名词的功能

1. 主语: Knowledge is power.

2. 宾语: Nobody knows the secret except him.

3. 表语: In seven years, he remained president of the school.

4. 定语: The computer company is not a big one.

5. 状语: The teacher came in, book in hand.

6. 补语: He painted the door a bright color.

7. 同位语: You girls sit on this side.

三、高考考点：

1. 语法填空可能会用到复数变化。

变: es 的名词：hero, potato, tomato, echo, mosquito, negro, mango, buffalo, volcano

变ves 的名词: half, leaf, loaf, self, thief, wolf, shelf, calf, wife, knife, life

特殊变化: man, tooth, foot, child, goose, mouse, ox,

单复数同形: sheep, deer, aircraft, Chinese, species, means, work, offspring

2. 名词活用---常常别活用成其他词性:

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