专题05 句子结构之there be结构-备战高考英语基础语法专项训练

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专题 05 句子结构之 there be 结构

一：there be 结构表示在某个地方存在什么东西。

1. There are a lot of homework books <under the desk>.

傀儡主语谓语真正主语地点状语

所以，变成一般疑问句说成 “Are there any homework books under the desk?”, 虽然是傀儡，但“there”

却完成主语的“语法功能”；不过，谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。

2. “there be”结构翻译成汉语的“有”通常是指“物体”与“物体”的位置关系，不表达从属关系，不具

“拥有”的含义，表示所属关系，一般用“have”。

There is a rainbow in the sky. 天上一道彩虹。

The Jims have a fierce dog.吉姆家有一条恶狗。

The desk has four legs. 桌子有四条腿。

但是“there be”也可以表示抽象的存在。

There was a heated discussion among the government officials.

There has been no rain this week. I hope there will be a change in the weather.

本周没下过雨。我希望天气有所变化。

※※人们把自己的生命都依托给某一个物体的时候，可以拟人化，将“there be”升级成“have”。※※

There are 145 passengers on the boat. (一般都是交通工具社团,如ship, bus, plane, class 等。)

The boat has 145 passengers.

There are 23 provinces in the country.

 The country has 23 provinces.

3. be 动词可以被其他动词取代，如 exist, live, locate, lie, rest, stand, remain, seem(to be), sure to be, used to be,

will be, is going to be, happen to be 等等。

There is going to be a meeting this evening. 今天傍晚会有个会议。

There stands a tower on top of the mountain. 山顶上有座塔。

There remains (to be) a lot of trouble to be settled(to settle).仍有好多问题亟待解决。

二. there be 结构的复杂化。

1. there be 结构后面的名词可以带非谓语进行修饰。

There is nothing left in the box.盒子里什么都没剩下。

There is a man sleeping in the couch. 沙发上睡个人。

There is a long way (for us ) to go. 前路艰难----我们还有很长的路要走。

2. there to be 和there being 的非谓语形式；将“there”当成“逻辑主语”。

It is possible for us to ride in the same car.

Is it possible for there to be enough room for us all in the same car? 套用固定句式，把“there”当成主语。

Would you like to have a cup of tea?

----Would you like there to be a party tonight?

---- I shall prefer there to be no such event. （沿用 prefer somebody to do something。）

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 可以变成独立主格。

I can imagine there being a big quarrel between them. 沿用 imagine one’s doing.

3. 固定句式：

There is no need to do something.

There is no point(sense) doing something.

4. 演化出新语法现象----倒装。

1) 某些副词和表示运动趋向的动词连用，为了形象生动表达某种事情发生，可以将句子变成倒装。

Look out! There comes the bus. 小心，车来了。

There came a knock at the door. 有人敲门。

Well, there goes your allowance. 得了，你的零花钱没了。

2) there be 结构中，将地点状语提前，去掉 there，句子倒装。

There stands a tower on top of the mountain.

=On top of the mountain stands a tower.

Around his neck was a brown snake.

There is a brown snake around his neck.

Sitting on the chair is an old cat.

= There is an old cat sitting on the chair.

以上两点如果句子的主语是人称代词，也不倒装。

思考：On the way home we saw many large elephants.------本句为什么不倒装？

补充------------------都什么词可以充当主语

1．名词 Are there other universes out there in space?除了我们是不是还有别的宇宙？

2．代词 Who is on the phone?

Nothing special is found in his room.

Some of them remained in the town.

3．数词： 1/3 of the students passed the exam.

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