新人教版高中英语必修三Unit1单元语法讲练

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新人教版高中英语必修三单元语法讲练 Book 3
Unit1 动词-ing 形式的用法(一)----作定语和表语
动词-ing 形式包括动名词和现在分词。动名词既有动词的特征,可以带宾语,又有名词
的特征,句子中的用法及功能与名词的作用相同,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语;现在
分词在句子中可作状语、定语、补足语、表语等成分。动词-ing 形式有时态和语态的变化,
否定形式在 doing 之前加 not
一.动词-ing 形式的时态和语态
1.一般式
(not)doing (主动)
(not)being done
(被动)
表示一般性的动
作或者是与谓语
动词同时发生的
动作
Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
She didn't mind being left alone at home .
她不介意被一人留在家里。
He stood there waiting for a bus.他站在那里等公
交车。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult
problem ,he asked the teacher for help .
不知道怎么解决这个难题,他向老师求助。
2.完成式
(not)having done
(主动)
(not)having been
done(被动)
表示动作发生在
谓语动词之前
I regret having said some rude words to my
brother.我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。
Tony was very unhappy for not having been
invited to the party.
不高兴。
Not having finished the work, they had to stay
there for another two weeks.没完成工作,他们不
得不在那里再呆两周。
Having been told many times, he finally
understood it. 说过很多遍后他才理解。
二.动词-ing 形式作定语
(一)位置
1. 如果是单个的动词-ing 形式作定语,
常放在被修饰词前作前置定语。
There is a swimming pool behind the beautiful
garden.
在这个美丽的花园后面有一个游泳池。
He asked me an embarrassing question.
他问了我一个令人尴尬的问题。
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child.
不要发出太大声音, 有个正在睡觉的孩子。
2. -ing ,
放在被修饰词后作后置定语,相当于一
个定语从句。
The man standing there is Peters father.
= The man who is standing there is Peters father.
站在那里的人是皮特的父亲。
3. 动词-ing 形式短语也可以用作非限His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
1
, 放在被修饰词后,用逗号分开,
相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
=His brother, who is working as a teacher,
lives in Beijing.
他的哥哥,是个老师,住在北京。
(二)用法
1. 动名词作定语表“用
途”。
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming 游泳池
a sleeping car =a car for sleeping 卧铺
a walking stick =a stick for walking 手杖
a waiting room =a room for waiting 候车室Ï
reading materials =materials for reading 阅读材料
2. 表“情感类”的分词作定
语,已具有形容词词性:
doing(令人……的)
done(人感到……的)
It was a tiring day. It made me tired.
真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。
The explanation was confusing. I got confused.
这个讲解是令人费解的,我被弄糊涂了。
3. 现在分词作定语:
1.doing(主动进行)
2.being done(被动进行)
3. having done
成)
4.having been done
完成)
注意:
having done
having been done
一般不用做
定语,但可作非限制性后置
定语, 并且多和完成时态的
时间状语连用。)
Do you know the man talking to Tom?你认识正在和汤姆谈话
的那个人吗?(=who is talking to Tom
The houses being built now are for the teachers.
正在被建的那些老师们建的。(=which are being
built now
Tom, having worked hard for years ,finally succeeded.
年努力工作后,于成功了。(=who had worked hard for
years
The problem, having been discussed for years, was solved.
了多的问题被解决了。(=which had been discussed for
years
注意以下几面的区别
1.
现 在 分 词 作
定语。
动名词作定语表“用
途”;现在分词作定语表
“正在进行”。
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming 游泳池
(动名词作定语)
a swimming boy =a boy who is swimming 一个正
在游泳的孩(现在分词作定语)
2. 现在分词
的 被 动 式 和
分 词 作
定语。
1. being done
被做的动作”。
2. having been done 表 示
已经被做完的动作”,
可作非限制性后置定语,
并且多和完成时态的时间
状语连用。
3. done 表示“已 经 被 做
时态的时间状语连
用。
The building being built now is a lab.
建的大实验室。(= which is being built now)
The building built last year is a lab.建成的大
实验室。(= which was built last year)
The problem, having been discussed for years, was
solved. =which
had been discussed for years
The problem, discussed yesterday, was solved.
(=which was discussed
yesterday
3. 有些不及 不及动词的现在分词作 falling leaves 正在
2
新人教版高中英语必修三Unit1单元语法讲练.docx

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