专题08 世界与环境（2）-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

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（1）唐山市 2020－2021 学年度高三年级摸底考试之 C篇

The negative health impacts of plastic on both wildlife and humans have been well-documented. However,

plastics, which are used for everything from grocery bags to food packaging, are hard to avoid.

Now, French start-up Carbios wants to solve the world's plastic pollution problem with a mutant bacterial

enzyme(酶)that digests PET—the most abundant polyester plastic(聚酷塑料)used to produce packaging and plastic

bottles-and turns it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be used to create anything and,

more importantly, can be endlessly recycled.

"Mechanical recycling is limited, " explains Carbios CEO Martin. "After 6 or 7 cycles of recycling, the plastic

might only be good enough to use for something like the plastic on the backing of a carpet, and eventually, it will

have to be thrown away. So it's not a solution for the end of life of plastics, whereas our solution is an unlimited

recycling solution."

The company's search for the best plastic-eating bacteria began about a decade ago, with 100, 000 promising

candidates. The list was soon reduced to one-a leaf compost bug. Once it had been identified, Carbios scientists

introduced mutations(突变). The new and improved enzyme was able to downgrade up to 90 percent of a ton of

plastic in only l0 hours. To break down the plastic, the waste and the enzyme will be heated for 16 hours at 65℃.

The resulting mix is then purified. This allows for the recovery of the chemical building blocks and removes any

additives and colors that may be present.

"This technique will certainly help reduce plastic pollution, " Martin said, "But we can only win the battle if

people do a better job of ensuring plastic waste ends up in a recycling bin".

27.What is special about the Carbios' recycling technique?

A. It can reshape any plastic products. B. It can produce more polyester plastic.

C. It makes plastic continuously recycled. D. It changes the system of food packaging.

28. What does the underlined word "candidates" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Plastic-eating bacteria. B. Negative effects on health.

C. Chemical building blocks. D. French start-up, companies.

29. Why were mutations introduced?

A. To purify the resulting mix. B. To remove additives and color.

C. To keep the temperature at 65℃. D. To improve plastic-digesting ability.

30. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To record the development of Carbios.

B. To introduce a plastic recycling technique.

C. To persuade people to use fewer plastic products.

D. To explain how to identify plastic-eating bacteria.

【答案】27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国初创企业 Carbios 想要用一种变异的细菌酶来解决世界塑料污染问

题，这种酶可以消化 PET——一种用于生产包装和塑料瓶的聚酯塑料——并将其转化为化学原料。产生的

材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以无限循环利用。文章介绍了这项技术开发的过程以及人们

对此的评价。

【27 题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“ Now, French start-up Carbios wants to solve the world's plastic pollution problem

with a mutant bacterial enzyme( 酶)that digests PET—the most abundant polyester plastic( 聚酷塑料 )used to

produce packaging and plastic bottles-and turns it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be

used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled.”可知现在，法国初创企业 Carbios 想

要用一种变异的细菌酶来解决世界塑料污染问题，这种酶可以消化 PET——一种用于生产包装和塑料瓶的

聚酯塑料——并将其转化为化学原料。产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以无限循环利

用。由此可知，Carbios 的回收技术的特别之处在于它使塑料不断循环利用。故选 C。

【28 题详解】

词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The company's search for the best plastic-eating bacteria began about a decade

ago, with 100, 000 promising”可知该公司大约从 10 年前开始寻找最适合食用塑料的细菌，当时有 10 万个

有希望的候选食塑菌。由此可知，画线词意思为“食塑菌”。故选 A。

【29 题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Once it had been identified, Carbios scientists introduced mutations( 突变).

The new and improved enzyme was able to downgrade up to 90 percent of a ton of plastic in only l0 hours. ”可知

一旦它被发现，Carbios 的科学家就引入了突变。这种新的改良酶能够在 10 个小时内将一吨塑料降解

90%。由此可知，引入突变是为了提高消化塑料的能力。故选 D。

【30 题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“ Now, French start-up Carbios wants to solve the world's plastic pollution problem

with a mutant bacterial enzyme( 酶)that digests PET—the most abundant polyester plastic( 聚酷塑料 )used to

produce packaging and plastic bottles-and turns it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be

used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled.”可知现在，法国初创企业 Carbios 想

要用一种变异的细菌酶来解决世界塑料污染问题，这种酶可以消化 PET——一种用于生产包装和塑料瓶的

聚酯塑料——并将其转化为化学原料。产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以无限循环利

用。结合文章还介绍了这项技术开发的过程以及人们对此的评价。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是

介绍一种塑料回收技术。故选 B。

（2）浙江省学军中学高三年级英语模拟测试（一）之 C篇

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for

entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful?

Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collection” of interesting

“things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and

far from their natural homes.

Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned

anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces

or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is

seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.

The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical

exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A world-wide study of zoos found

that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend

22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their

time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.

Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding ( 圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats,

Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their

captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species (物种) dying out. In fact, baby

animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?

Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people

kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals' natural habitats.

7. In the state of zoochosis, animals __________ according to the passage.

A. remain in cages B. behave strangely

C. often attack other animals D. enjoy walking around

8. What does the author try to argue in the passage?

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