2022届高考语法规则梳理专题六非谓语动词专项突破

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专题六非谓语动词专项突破

一、语法体系

to do/to be done

不定式 to be doing

to have done/to have been done

doing/being done

形式动名词

having done/having been done

doing/being done

非谓语动词现在分词

having done/having been done

分词

过去分词：done

作主语

作宾语

句法功能作表语

作定语

作状语

作补语

考点一非谓语动词作状语

（一）不定式作状语

1、不定式在句子中作目的状语

e.g. To save class time，our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class

and complete the other half for our homework.

注：可用 in order（not）to 或者 so as（not）to 不用于句首。

2、不定式在句中作结果状语，表示“出乎意料的、非本意的结果”

e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that train had left.

3、不定式在某些形容词后，表示“喜怒哀乐”的原因

e.g. We are proud to be young people of China.

4、不定式在接 enough 或too 后句子里作状语

e.g. He is old enough to go to school.

Too… to 太而不能

（二）分词做状语

1、分词作状语的句法功能：表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、伴随等。

e.g. Separated from other countries for millions of years，Austrilia has many plants

and animals not found in any other countries. (原因)

They cut off the electricity，preventing a fire in time.（结果）

Encouraged by his parents ，he still has no confidence in overcoming the

difficulties.（让步）

The hunter walked slowly in the forest，followed by his dog.（伴随）

2、分词作状语的形式

形式意义

Doing 与句子主语逻辑上为主动，与句子谓语动词同时发生 “正在

…”

having done 与句子主语逻辑上为主动，先于句子谓语动词发生 “已经做

了”

Done 与句子主语逻辑上为被动 “被…”

Being done 与句子主语逻辑上为被动，且与句子谓语动词同时发生 “正被

…”

Having been

done

与句子主语逻辑上为被动，且先于句子谓语动词发生 “已经被

…”

e.g. Hearing their teacher’s voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.

Having finished all the tasks，we went to the cinema.

Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of shooling.

Being struck by the heavy storm, they felt helpless.

Having been told many times,he still repeaated the same mistake.

3、分词作状语规则：

分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语务必和句子主语一致，即分词作状语时

必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或者被动关系，否则一般不能使用分词作

状语。

（三）独立主格结构

当非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中作状语时（一般逗号隔开）

我们称之为独立主格。

常见结构：逻辑主语(代词、名词)+现在分词/过去分词

逻辑主语(代词、名词)+形容词

逻辑主语(代词、名词)+副词

逻辑主语(代词、名词)+不定式

逻辑主语(代词、名词)+介词短语

逻辑主语(代词、名词)+宾语补足语

翻译规则与上述非谓语动词翻译类似。

e.g. All the tickets having been sold out，we had to wait for next show.

Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.

He came out of the library,with a large book under his arm.

（四）独立成分作状语

虽然我们不熟悉语法，但是这种结构必然是熟悉的。例如： judging

form…;considering… ；taking… into consideration;supposing..;compared to

…/compared with…等。这种分词或者不定式短语作状语，不受上下文影响的

结构，就是独立成分。

e.g. To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.

考点二非谓语动词作定语

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