《中考英语语法复习重难点释疑与突破》重难点突破10.时态变化

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中考英语总复习语法重难点释疑与突破 10
时态变化
【重难点释疑】
1be(“/存在”)动词的各种时态变化:
时 一 时 现
I am….
You are.…
He/She/It is….
We/You/They are….
(I等各人称) will be….
I am
He/She/It is going to be…
We/You/They are
I have been….
You have been….
She/he/It has been….
We/You/They have been….
时 过 时 过
I was….
You were.…
He/She/It was….
We/You/They were….
(I等各人称) would be….
I was
He/She/It was going to be…
We/You/They were
I had been….
You had been….
She/he/It had been….
We/You/They had been….
注意:句型变化时,
否定句在 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加 not,而且 not 都可以缩写为 n’t (am 后面 not 不可以
缩写)
疑问句将 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。
2、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表:
现在
时 现 时 一 时 现
谓语动词
构成
动词用原(单三s /
es)
(问句和否定句借用助
do / does)
am
is +动词-ing
are
will + 动词原形
am
is +going to+动词原形
are
have +过去分词
has
过去
时 过 时 过 时 过
谓语动词
构成
动词用过去式
(问句和否定句借用助
did)
was
+动词-ing
were
would + 动词原形
was
+going to+动词原形
were
had +过去分词
3、八种时态的具体用法:
(1) 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day ), once/twice,a (week ), on
(Sunday ),never,in the (morning )They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(故宫)/
They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)
② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如:The earth turns round the
sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)
表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时
1
间。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8
00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午 8点开车)
在时间状语从句中(when, after, before, while, until, as soon as 引导)和条状语从句(if,unless 引导),
一般现在时代替一般将来,句子可以有将来时间。如Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(
一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作 ,动词以 come, go 为主。如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) /
There goes the bell.(铃响了)
一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want,
wish, hope, think(),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.
(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
(2) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常
发生。
① 表示过去具体时刻发生一次性动作时,时间状语有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when
导的时间状语从句。如:I got up at 6
00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window
at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a
stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)
② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时 ,时间状语有:yesterday, last (year ), in (1998 )。如:
He came to our city in the year 2000.(2000 年来到我们市)
 , last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually,
sometimes, always, never 等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he
went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.
 经 历的 回忆 、双 方般 用过 去, I
happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
(3) 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。
① 一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,
someday,sometime, in the future, when 引导的从句等。
② 用 will 构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,will
用于有人称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(快就要从这学毕业)/ You will stay alone
after I leave.(我走了后你就要一个人过了)
③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打准备的事情,主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to
+动词原形”表示安排或中的动作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special
baby.(有一个人告诉他们妇女就会生下个特男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④ 表示一个人定要某事,可以用 will 表达。如:I will go to the lab to get some
chemicals(学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化验室取些药品,等我回)
⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(相应时态)
⑥ shall will 在口语的一疑问句中于情态动词。Shall 一般与第一人称,will 用。如:
Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(
打开好吗?)
be to +词原发生的事An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special
boy.
 
(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而刻不一定在进行的动作。
现在进行时“助动词 be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…,经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在
干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(最近在写一本长篇小说)
2
表示动作,一般的事词有 come, go, stay, leave, spend, do 等。I’m
coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与 always 频度副,以表示赞扬、不讨厌等感情色彩。如:He is
always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(,忘得
干二净)
(5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
过去进行时was(第一、三人称单)were(人称单和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago,
when 的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(天这个时他正在)/
The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩)
用于语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作时进行而且是时间较长。句子中常不用时间状语。
She was it happen when she was walking past.()/ They sang a lot of songs while
they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗森林里走时很多歌)
也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复行的动作,常与 always 度副,以表赞扬、不
感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(在这里时老向我借)
(6)现在完成时 在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在响的动,或表示开在过去,且一直延续到现,
至还可能延续下去的动作。
① 在完成时“助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
② 表,already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times,
before 等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来过这)/ He has just gone to
England.()
③ 表示在(),for (two years),since 1990, since
(two weeks ago)since 引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(开家
30 年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(从这家工厂,王叔叔)
④ 口语have got 往往表示 have()的意。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(图书馆
万本书)
have been to have gone to 区别have gone to(经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(去过”)表示人
在 这 里 。 如 : --Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李 先 生 在 去 了 国 。 )/ --Do you know
something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过里三次。)
⑥ 在完成时中,一个间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语,该瞬间动词延续性动词
或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时
延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years)
has
 
come to… has been here since (1990)
(had)
 
left… (had) been away from…
 
   
arrived…
 
been in…
 
   
died
 
been dead
 
   
begun
 
been on
 
   
ended
 
been over
 
   
bought...
 
had…
 
   
borrowed…
 
kept…
 
   
joined…
 
been in …
 
者使用下面这个句型:
3
《中考英语语法复习重难点释疑与突破》重难点突破10.时态变化.doc

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