《2021学年八年级英语寒假讲义（人教版）》第7讲-不定式专题 教师版

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第7讲 不定式专题
一、课前热身
单句语法填空
1. Don’t make him________(climb)the tree.
2. Joe Hill wrote songs ________(keep) the worker’s struggle.
3. How _______(get) to the science museum is a question.
4. _________(put)on your coat and be careful ________(not catch )a cold.
5. I am sorry ________(keep) you _______(wait) so long time.
6. Mary’s mother had her ________(clean) her bedroom last weekend.
7. He studied hard ______ (get) good grades in the final exams.
8. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered _______ (take) me to watch an opera.
9. The show was so funny that it made everyone________ (laugh) again and again.
10. The women were busy ________(prepare) the wedding feast.
【答案】climb；to keep；to get；put, not to catch；to keep, waiting, clean, to get, to take, laugh, preparing
二、知识梳理
非谓语动词
谓语动词：顾名思义，在句中充当谓语，形式与句子时态相关。
例如：一般现在时态，谓语动词有原形和三单两种形式。
He gets up at 5:00 o’clock every day.
一般过去时态，谓语动词形式为过去式。
We went to Hong Kong last summer.
非谓语动词：是相对于谓语动词而言的，非谓语动词不担任谓语成分,且具有其他词类特征的动词形式，
即不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
例如：My teacher told me not to make noise in class.
Watching movies help me learn English.
The man standing under the tree is my father.
I had my hair cut yesterday.
用法：
(1)不定式作主语
It 作形式主语常见结构：
▲ “It is + adj./n+(for sb.) to do sth .
例：It is important for us to keep a balanced diet.
▲ It is + adj.+of sb+ to do sth
(在 kind，good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后,介词要用 of)
例：It is silly of you to lend him money again.
▲ It takes sb. +一段时间+ to do sth.
例：It takes me three hours to finish the task.
谚语欣赏
1. it is never too old to learn.
2. A faithful friend is hard to find.
3. Better to do well than to say well.
4. It is better to give than to take.
5. To say is one thing and to do is another.
6.
7.
8.
（2）不定式作宾语
A. 放在动词后作宾语
初中阶段后加 to do 的动词（必背）
•want to do sth 想要做某事
•plan to do sth 计划做某事
•promise to do sth 承诺做某事
•expect to do sth 期待做某事
•hope to do sth 希望做某事
•choose to do sth 选择做某事
•decide to do sth 决定做某事
•manage to do sth 设法做成某事
•fail to do sth 未能做成某事
•would like to do sth 想要做某事
•offer to do 主动提出做某事
•afford to do sth 承担得起做某事
注意：使役动词和感官动词后不能＋to do
一感 feel/
二听 hear, listen to/
三让 let, make, have/
四看 look at, see, watch, notice
B. it 做形式宾语代替不定式, 常见结构有 find/ think/ make...+ it +adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth.（初二学生可做拓
展）
Eg. I found it hard to finish the work before 9:00.
C. 动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what，how，when，where,，which 等之后。
Eg：I don’t know what to say.
（3）作宾语补足语
1) Tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，wish，warn，allow 等+sb. /sth. + (not) to do sth
例：I told them not to draw on the wall.
My brother taught me to read when I was three.
2) help sb. (to) do.
Lucy always helps her mother （to）do some house work.
(4) 动词不定式作定语
动词不定式短语作定语时，应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后，动词不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的
动宾关系。
例： I have a lot of work to do.
I don’t have anything to do.
5) 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、和结果状语。
I stayed there to see what would happen. (表目的)
To get better grades in the final exam，Tom works hard every day.
I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你。（表原因）
I’m surprised to see you here. 我很惊讶在这里看到你。 （表结果）
He hurried to the cinema, only to find the film had already begun. （表结果）
【易错点辨析】： to do 位于句首作状语、do 引导的祈使句、 doing 位于句首作主语
【例题精讲】
1. _________(make) a living，He has to work for 12 hours every day.
2. _________(make) a living isn’t so easy today.
3. _________(make) me a cake , please. 给我做个蛋糕吧。
【答案】To make a living; making; make
单句语法
1. My father decided__________ (spend) the summer in Hangzhou.
2. I want to know how__________ (improve) my spoken English.
3. It’s necessary for us__________ (talk) to your parents when we have problems.
4. Could you please help me__________(take) care of my pet dog while I am away.
5. Don’t make him__________ (do) all the cleaning alone. After all, he is so young.
6. Doctors often tell us__________(exercise) more every day
7. All the students will go out if it stops__________ (rain) later.
8. My son volunteers__________ (give) out the food at the food bank on weekends.
9. Tomorrow I will stay at home __________ (help) my parents clean up the house.
10.David got up early__________ (catch) the early bus this morning.
【答案】to spend; to improve; to talk; take; do; to exercise; raining; to give; to help; to catch.
三、当堂测试
单句语法填空
1. My mother often tells me _______ (not make) so many mistakes.
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______(not do).
3. The doctor asked the patient ____ (not eat) rich food after the operation(手术).
4. The workers want us ________ (work) together with them.
5. Annie tries her best ________ (improve) her English.
6. Jackie told me _______ (not touch) anything.
7. He raised his voice __________ (make) himself heard.
8. Peter had his daughter ________ (do) her homework.
9. I opened the door _______ (let) the fresh air in.
10. We should do something _________ (protect) the wild animals.
【答案】1. not to make 2. not to do 3. not to eat 4. to work 5. to improve 6. not to touch 7. to make 8.
do 9. to let 10. to protect
语法填空一
If you don't keep yourself warm enough，winter can be a time to have an illness. During the winter months,
people 1. _____ (easy)get colds and flu．Many people think they are the same, 2_____ they are different.
Colds can stay with you for up to a week. You will have a running nose, a sore throat, a headache, a cough and
a fever.
Flu is 3_____ (much)serious. You will feel sick very quickly. You will have a fever and a headache. Your
body 4. _____ (hurt) and become weak. This could last for up to four 5. _____(week).
Is there any way to keep yourself away from colds or flu？Staying clear of (避开) people 6. _____ colds or flu
may work. Try not to touch (触摸) your nose or eyes if you have been close someone who has a cold. Wash your
hands，especially after cleaning 7. _____ (you) nose. Going out with wet hair can also give you a cold!
If you catch a cold or flu, go to bed and rest .Doing this will help you get 8. _____(good) ．Drink lots of
water. Stay in 9. _____ warm，well-aired room .If you have a headache，or your muscles (肌肉) hurt, don't forget
10. _____ (take)some medicine.
【答案】easily；but; more; will hurt; weeks; with; your; better; a; to take
语法填空二
《2021学年八年级英语寒假讲义（人教版）》第7讲-不定式专题 教师版.docx

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