Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. 阅读能力拔高练(原卷版)- 九年级全册英语干货拔高秘课（人教版）

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2021 人教版

Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.

Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, about 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent

of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now.

scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.

These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have

shy parents. So scientist think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.

They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. Because of that, they became shy. At the same

time, children with no brothers or sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves.

They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different

countries, they found surprising differences. in Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of

three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different

opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备)

themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as

family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This

may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class and even get a good job. But scientists say

you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And don't forget—

if you are shy, you are not the only one.

1．Almost ________ percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.

A．50 B．66 C．15 to 20 D．80

2．According to the passage, ________ may cause shyness.

A．genetics, grown-ups and birthplace B．genetics, family size and birthplace

C．family size, grown-ups and failure D．genetics, family size and freedom

3．The underlined word “genetic” in paragraph 2 means ________.

A．passed down from parents B．learned from friends

C．taught by teachers D．made up by brothers

4．Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by ________.

A．blaming their failure on outside reasons

B．trying new things and practicing conversations

C．getting themselves away from their shy parents

D．trying to understand reasons for their shyness

5．We can learn ________ from the passage.

A．most little babies are born shy and quiet

B．you will be shy forever if you are shy now

C．many shy children have older brothers and sisters

D．most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions

If you are always told you’re a genius, will it have any influence on your work? Will it make you work

harder and face the difficulties more bravely because you know your ability, or will it make you become lazier

because you know you’re already ahead? In a series of studies, Dweck and her team made experiment on 400

fifth graders from different parts of the United States.

First, participants（参加者）were given a series of puzzles to test their IQ. After they finished their test,

they were told their scores and praised in different ways. One group of participants were praised for their

intelligence and were told -You got X number correct. That’s really good score. You must be very smart at this.

Another group of participants were told, "You must have worked really hard." The students were then given a

choice as to what kind of test they would take next. They could either take one that’s harder than the first one, or

one that’s just as easy. A majority of the children who were praised for their intelligence chose to take the easy

test whereas, 90% of those praised for their efforts chose to do the harder puzzles.

While Dweck’s series of studies centered on children, it’s important to notice how having a particular

mindset（心态）can influence you at any age. As someone with a fixed （固执的）mindset, you believe basic

qualities—like-intelligence—are unchangeable. Since you are often praised for your intelligence, you want to

continue remaining intelligent in the eyes of others so you shy away from challenges.

However, as someone with a growth mindset you believe the harder you try, the more you’ll improve. You

are not afraid of taking risks, even if there’s a big chance that you’ll all flat on your face along the way. More

and more researches support the growth mindset," Dweck wrote in the journal Educational Leadership.“Basic

aspects of intelligence can be strengthened through learning and adventures, and efforts and persistence in the

face of challenges are key ingredients in outstanding achievements.”

Dweck’s studies teach us an important lesson about success. A person’s intelligence can only take him or

her to certain distance. The rest of the way is paved by bravery and determination.

6．What do Dweck and her team want to find out?

A．The influence of praise on people. B．The IQ of each participant.

C．The best way to achieve success. D．The positive influence of difficulties.

7．What can we learn from Paragnph 2 and 3?

A．Participant received three experiments in total.

B．Kids praised for their efforts later chose easier tests.

C．One group of participants was smarter than the other group.

D．Kids praised for their IQ later became afraid to fail.

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