讲与练17 主旨大意题攻略(原卷版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)

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2022 年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）17
主旨大意题攻略
【高频考点回顾】
【题型解读】
1. 命题要求: 主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意
的能力。
2. 设题角度: 既考查考生的阅读理解能力, 又考查考生的深层次推理、概括能力。一般针对某一段或语篇的
主题、标题和目的设题。
3. 解题思路: 通过略读捕捉文中的关键词和主题句, 把握篇章结构, 根据框架分析作者行文过程中的材料取
舍、详略安排和上下文的逻辑关系, 弄清楚作者的思路和意图, 梳理出主体脉络, 最终归纳出主旨大意。
4. 解题方法: 找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排, 了解文章的重心,
就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式 , 选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文, 不
能太大也不能太小。
【正确选项特征】
1. 常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
2. 一般不出现细节信息, 不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
3. 概括性强, 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。
4. 精确性强, 所使用的概括性语言不会失去表意的程度及色彩。
5. 范围恰当, 既不太大, 也不太小。
【干扰选项特征】
1. 以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄, 只阐述了文章的一部分内容, 某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面。
2. 断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容, 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要
观点。
3. 主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大, 超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4. 似是而非。题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了, 但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。
5. 移花接木。命题者有意把属于 A的特征放在 B上。
【解题技巧】
技巧
1 段落大意题 : “ 一定、二找、三归纳”
【真题示例】　(2021·新高考 I卷·D·节选)
　　Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视 角 ) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【思路分析】
一定 定位题干中的关键词: the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
二找
用关键词“concerning emotional intelligence”寻读, 在文中找到信息源: “we hope that such attention
will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in
coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives. . . ”可知, 我们希望在未来的数十年
后, 科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。
三归纳
比对选项和信息句, 题干中 “Expectations”替换了文中的 “will excite a greater interest in; will
offer new perspectives”, 进行了语义转化。
故选　 B 　 。
技巧
2 文章大意题 : “ 速读、识别、再总结”
找主题句的四个小窍门 :
(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually 等)时, 转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地重复的观点, 通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语, 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion 等词语。
【真题示例】　(2021·新高考 I卷·C)
　　When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
　　In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck
Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J. N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des
Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
　 　 About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
讲与练17 主旨大意题攻略(原卷版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版).docx

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