专题03 现在分词的七大用法---2023年高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练（解析版）

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2023 年高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义
专题 03 现在分词的七大用法 （解析版）
讲义目录
考点清单一、现在分词作状语典型用法
考点清单二、现在分词作定语典型用法
考点清单三、现在分词作宾语补足语典型用法
考点清单四、现在分词作表语典型用法
考点清单五、状语从句省略典型用法
考点清单六、现在分词短语作插入语典型用法
考点清单七、现在分词复杂形式典型用法
分层训练（一）高考真题
分层训练（二）模拟试题
分层训练（三）单句改错
分层训练（四）句式升级（书面表达）
分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）
分层训练（六）好题快递（最新模拟）
考点清单一、现在分词作状语典型用法
要点精讲：1. 现在分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语，强调与句子主语之间主动关系；
2.现在分词一般式 doing 表示与谓语动词（几乎）同时发生；
3. 现在分词完成式 having done 则表示该动作先于谓语动作发生；
4. 现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
例1： Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. （作时间状语，相当于 When she saw those
pictures）
例2：Being ill, he didn’t go to school. （作原因状语，相当于 As he was ill）
例3：He sat on the sofa, watching TV. （作伴随状语，相当于 He sat on the sofa and watched TV.）
例4：Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. （作结果状语，相当于 and left…）
例5：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. （作时间状语，先回信后阅读）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The plate dropped from her hands, _______________(break) into pieces.
2. The plate dropped from her hands, and _______________(break) into pieces.
3. (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
4. He was busy writing a story, only (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
5. I hurried to school, only _______________(find) to find it was Sunday.
6. Not _______________(know) her address, I had better telephone her to come over.
7. _______________(tell) many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
8. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed.
9. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum.
10. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
【答案与解析】
1. breaking。break 与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故答案是 breaking。
2. broke。And 意味着这是一个并列句，句子缺少谓语动词，结合并列谓语 dropped 知道应用一般过去时。
故答案是 broke。
3. Finding。find 与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案是 Finding。
4. stopping。stop 与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。注意不要受 only to do 影响，该结构表示出乎
预料的结果。故答案是 stopping。
5. to find。本题 only to do 是动词不定式短语作结果状语。故答案是 to find。
6. knowing。本题考查现在分词否定形式，且 know 与句子主语构成主动关系。故答案是 knowing。
7. Having been told。tell 与句子主语之间构成被动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用 having been done。
故答案是 Having been told。
8. Having finished。finish 与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用 Having finished。
9. Having been shown。show 与句子主语之间构成被动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用 having been
done。故答案是 Having been shown。
10. Having been asked。结合语境“要求加班”是被动的，且已经发生的，故用 having been done。故答案
是Having been asked。
考点清单二、现在分词作定语典型用法
要点精讲：1.现在分词作定语表示一个正在进行的动作；being done 表示一个被动的，正在进行的动作，
having done 不能作定语；
2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
例1：The sleeping child is only five years old. （现在分词作前置定语）
例2：Do you know the man standing at the gate? （现在分词短语作后置定语）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. ---Who were those people with the flags? ---A group (call) the League of Peace.
12. ---Who were those people with the flags? ---A group (call) itself the League of Peace.
13. The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months.
14. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten).
15. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in
a child safety seat.
【答案与解析】
11. called。本题答语是个省略句，可以还原为 Those people with the flags were a group (call) the
League of Peace. 由此可以看出空白处是非谓语作定语，且是被动含义。故答案是 called。
12. called。本题 itself 是关键，若没有 itself，答案是 called。故答案是 calling。
13. being built。“建造”这一动作正在进行，又是被动行为，应用 being done 作定语。故答案是 being
built。
14. frightening; frightened。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示
“感到……”。故答案是 frightening; frightened。
15. weighing。weigh, measure 表示物体重量、高度等概念时，不能用被动形式。故答案是 weighing。
考点清单三、现在分词作宾语补足语典型用法
要点精讲 1：观感使役类动词后接现在分词表示“看见/听见……某人正在做某事”。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
例1：I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
例2：It's wrong to leave the machine running.
例3：I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
16. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose)
17. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
18. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake.
19. When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth (examine)?
20. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____________(perform) live is quite another.
【答案与解析】
16. stolen/missing/lost。be stolen/missing/lost 是习惯用法。故答案是 stolen/missing/lost。
17. winding 。wind one’s way 表 示 “ 蜿 蜒行 进 ” ， 结 合 语 境这 是 notice sb doing sth 句型 。 故 答 案 是
winding。
18. playing。last 是关键：失踪的孩子最后一次有人见他在东湖边玩耍。故答案是 playing。
19. examined 。have sth done 表 示 “ 使 某 事 被 做 ” ， 强 调 宾 语 与 宾 补 之 间 的 被 动 关 系 。 故 答 案 是
examined。
20. being performed。结合语境“听到音乐现场被演奏”强调正在进行。故答案是 being performed。
要点精讲 2：用于“with+名词+现在分词”，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略 with 后构成的
“名词/代词+现在分词” 构成独立主格结构。
例1：I stood before her with my heart beating fast.
例2：Time permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
21. With the boy __________ (lead) the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.
22. The couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog (follow) them.
23. It___________(be) Sunday, we went camping and had a nice time.
24. The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit).
【答案与解析】
21. leading。with sb doing 强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是 leading。
22. following。with sb doing 强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是 following。
23. being。It being Sunday 构成独立主格结构，相当于 As it was Sunday。故答案是 being。
24. permitting。weather permitting 构成独立主格结构，相当于 If weather permits。故答案是 permitting。
考点清单四、现在分词作表语典型用法
要点精讲：1. 现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人…
…”。
2.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。
例1：The news that our team had won was very inspiring.
专题03 现在分词的七大用法---2023年高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练（解析版）.docx

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