《2021学年八年级英语寒假讲义（人教版）》第12讲-完型填空教师版

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第12 讲完形填空

一、课前热身

完形填空

Alice was a young woman who liked to exercise for her health. In fact, she walked five kilometers before 36 every

morning, and went swimming once a week at the swimming pool. She didn’t smoke and never 37 . She didn’t eat

chocolate. She didn’t eat sweet and fatty food, 38 . She weighed herself every day.

Once Alice was on her daily walk when she saw a 39 sitting in a rocking chair under a tree. He looked very old and

his hair was white. He looked thin and weak, and his hands were shaking, 40 he looked very happy. He smiled at her and

said, “Good morning, lovely day, isn’t it?” He had a wide smile on his face, and his eyes 41 with happiness. But Alice saw

that he did not have teeth. “Good morning!” replied Alice. “Yes, it is a lovely day."

Alice thought he 42 very old and wise. She thought he must be at least 90 years old! She decided to ask him about the

43 of a happy old age. “I hope you don’t 44 me asking,” she said, “but what is your secret for being so happy at your

age? I hope I can look as happy as you do 45 I am your age.”

The man in the rocking chair said, “My secret for 46 ? I smoke and drink a lot every day, and drink three bottles of

wine every day. I eat hamburgers and chocolates whenever I want. I never eat vegetables. I never do sports. I sit at home

every day.” Alice was 47 . She didn’t expect the man to give her an answer like that. She wondered how the man got to be

so old when he did 48 wrong. She thought he should be 49 and unhappy. Perhaps she was wrong. Maybe, she thought,

people could live a long happy life 50 eating well or doing lots of exercise.

"How old are you?" she asked.

"It’s my birthday today,” said the man, "I’m forty-seven!"

( )36.A. lunch

( )37.A. exercised

( )38.A. too

( )39.A. man

( )40.A. so

( )41.A. looked

( )42.A. saw

( )43.A. secret

( )44.A. stand

( )45.A. when

( )46.A. health

B. breakfast

B. drank

B. also

B. woman

B. but

B. watched

B. looked

B. dream

B. mind

B. since

B. success

C. dinner

C. worked

C. either

C. boy

C. and

C. saw

C. listened

C. plan

C. allow

C. though

C. happiness

D. supper

D. slept

D. still

D. girl

D. or

D. shone

D. found

D. future

D. enjoy

D. for

D. life

( )47.A. surprised

( )48.A. something

( )49.A. angry

( )50.A. through

B. worried

B. anything

B. serious

B. from

C. excited

C. everything

C. quiet

C. without

D. relaxed

D. nothing

D. sick

D. by

【答案】BBCAB DBABA CACDC

二、知识梳理

“完形填空”概述

完形填空通过有目的、有计划地破坏短文中段与段、句与句之间内在的逻辑关系，在语篇中测试学生的综合语言运

用能力。初中完形填空短文难度适中，长度一般在 120-260 词之间，留出 10-15 个空白处，每空 1分。设空注重在

语境中考查词义。备选答案四个（单词为主、词组为辅），一般属同一词类，同一范畴，而且往往都与前后的词构

成某种搭配，有很大的迷惑性和干扰性。

1. “完形填空”的题型

完形填空体裁以记叙文为主，题材涉及日常生活、人物故事、社会人文。选材新颖、语言地道、注重材料的思想性

和趣味性。首句保持完整，不挖空，给学生留出一个完整的信息句。主要考查实词，包括动词、名词、形容词和

副词，虚词考查为辅。

2. “完形填空”的考查能力

要求考生在理解全文大意的基础上，从词义辨析、词语搭配、词法和句法等方面做发散性思维，此外还考查篇章理

解能力、逻辑推理和分析判断能力，即在整体理解的基础上，分别利用前暗示、后暗示和综合分析，联系上下文和

常识做合乎逻辑的分析与判断。

完形填空的解题策略

1. 解题步骤

1）．重视首尾，把握全文首先浏览文章的首句和尾句，把握文章大意。

2）．跳空猜读，了解大意 “跳空速读”，边猜边想，弄清各段落、各层次之间的内在联系。具体方法是：

不看选项，凭语感，依上傍下，通读全文，在整体层面上领悟“残缺的”语篇大意，初步猜选出浅易的答案，若恰

好是选项之一或是其同义词，则十有八九是正确答案。

3）．瞻前顾后，领悟语境完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越注重语境，逐步淡化了语法，即把具体的语言

知识融入具体的语言情景中去，通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，以此来考查考生对文章的整体把握能力。解题时要

快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文语境来选择答案。先易后难，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”；若有的选

项没有把握，可暂时先搁一下，往下看，往往会“柳暗花明”。

4）．复读全文，全面验证做完题目后，不管对全文是否已有豁然开朗之感，或还是依然似懂非懂，都要复读全

文，验证答案。复查时要从语篇层次和语法层次两个角度考虑。特别要注意，是选择“最佳”而不只是“正确”答

案。在检查时要注意：（1）上下文的一致性。（2）从语义、惯用法及词性搭配，甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下

文逻辑。

2.完形填空解题技巧

1）. 确认关键词，理顺思考线索短文中句与句、段与段之间往往有表达其内在联系的短语和逻辑关系词，

如连接词、代词、插入语、转折词等，它们是提供语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、列举、承上启下

的特殊功能。如表示并列关系的词有：and, or 等；表示转折关系的有：but, while, however 等；表示因果关系的有：

because, so, as, since, because of 等；表示条件关系的有：if, whether 等；表示顺序关系的有：first, second, finally,

then, next 等；表示时间关系的有 now, later, before, after, when, yet 等。在答题时，若能“慧眼识词”，就能迅速理

清文章脉络，抓准主旨大意。

例1：Chinese is also difficult for me, but we shouldn’t .

1. A. give up B. turn down C. go over 4.turn on

Keys: 首先确认but 这个关键词，在句中是个转折关系的语篇标志语。再根据短语辨析， A项表示放弃；B项表示拒

绝；C项表示复习，D表示接通（电源,水源）。通读句子，应选A。

批注：抓住关键词，找出前后句之间的联系。

2)．把握上下文的内在联系，确定最佳选项

完形填空题的逻辑性很强，前后内容往往相互照应或相互限定。忽视上下文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。若单凭

一句句、一段段孤立地作答，结果必定会出现连锁反应，一错再错，错连一串。因此，考生在做完形填空的过程中

应学会边读边在大脑中储藏上下文的信息。信息提示有时在前，有时在后。

例2：She dialed the number ,but then she put the phone down.After about ten seconds,she dialed the number

again,”Hi,Mun......”

Later I asked, “Why did you dial the number 1 ?” She smiled, “My parents are old. They can’t get close to the telephone

2 .”

1. A. once B. Twice C. several times D. many time

2. A. lonely B. Slowly C. quietly D. quickly

Keys:：1题的信息提示出现在前面。做题的关键在于：考生要对前面“拨了两次电话”的信息在大脑中进行储存，

这样就很容易得到答案 B。

2题的信息可从上文“我父母年纪大了”推断出父母行动迟缓。因此，他们无法迅速过来接听电话。” 答案选择

D。

批注：整体把握文章，不要孤立地看每一段或某一句，要瞻前顾后。

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