《2021学年八年级英语寒假讲义(人教版)》第2讲-代词 解析版

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2讲 代词
一、课前热身
选词填空
some, any
1. Would you like _________tea?
2. ---Why didnt you ask ________ people to help you? ---Because there werent ________ in the room.
3. ---Please give me _______orange Juice. ---Sorry, I haven’t ________. I only have _______ milk here.
答案1.some2. someany3. some anysome
单项选择
1.—Is this your Apple watch?
—No, it's not________. It's Lily's.
Amy Bmine Cyour Dyours
2. We had a school trip last week and we enjoyed ________.
Aus Bour Cours Dourselves
3.—Is this iPad yours?
—Yes. My parents bought ________ for my language learning.
Aone Bit Cother Danother
4.—Which hat would you like, the blue one or the red one?
—________. I like the yellow one instead.
AEither BBoth CNeither DAll
5. It's reported that a bus fell into a river yesterday. Luckily, ________ was hurt.
Asomebody Bnobody
Ceverybody Danyone
6. Thanks for inviting ________ to your food festival. We really enjoyed ourselves.
Awe Bthey
Cthem Dus
7. Li Hua's parents hold different opinions on whether they should have________ child.
Aanother Bother
Cothers Dthe other
8.—Whose book is this?
—Kate's name is on it; it must belong to ________.
Ahers Bshe
Cher Dhis
9. WeChat(微信)is widely used. ________the young________the old are interested in it.
AEither; or BNeither; nor
CNot only; but also DNot; but
10. She is my friend. ________ name is Betty.
AIts BHis
CHer DMy
【答案】1-5BDACB 6-10DACAC
二、知识梳理
代词
代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接
代词和不定代词等等。
1人称代词人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数 第一人
称复数
第二人
称复数
第三人称复
阳性 阴性 中性
I
(我)
you
(你)
he
(他)
she
(她)
it
(它)
we
(我
们)
you
(你
们)
they (他们
/她们/
们)
me
(我)
you
(你)
him
(他)
her
(她)
it
(她)
us
(我
们)
you
(你
们)
them (他
/ 她们/
们)
1 I often go shopping on Sundays.
/ Are they
from Brazil?他们是巴西
/ Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿
/ That’s it.就那么回
事)
/ It’s he!(是他!)
2宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)
/ Help me!(救救我!)
/ We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
3人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词 than as 之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语
中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?)
It’s I/me.(是我。)
三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如:
Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)
Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.(你和我)
人称代词 it 除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以
作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
--What’s the weather like today?—It’s fine. / --What’s the time? It’s 12
00. / It’s a long way to go. / It
took him three days to clean his house. / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into
space./ We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.
2物主代词说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数 第一人
称复数
第二人
称复数
第三人称
复数
阳性 阴性 中性
形容
词性
my
(我
的)
your
(你
的)
his
(他
的)
her
(她
的)
its
( 它
的)
our
(我们
的)
your
(你们
的)
their(他们
/ 她们的/
它们的)
名词
mine
(我
的)
Yours
(你
的)
his
(他
的)
hers
(她
的)
its
(她
的)
ours
(我们
的)
yours
(你们
的)
theirs ( 他
/
/它 们
的)
1)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。
如:Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. / They are their books.
2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,
后面千万不可以跟名词。
如:This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.
3of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。
如:A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. [试比] My friend came to see me yesterday. (指我的那个
定的朋友来看我。)
3反身代词表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
第一人
称单数
第二人
称单数
第三人称单数 第一人称
复数
第二人称
复数
第三人称
复数
阳性 阴性 中性
myself
(我自
)
yourself
(你自己)
himself
(他自
)
herself
(她自
)
itself
(它自己)
ourselves
(我们自
)
yourselves
(你们自
)
Themselves
(他们/
/它们自
)
1反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。
如:Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.
2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。
如:The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.
4指示代词 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。
单数 复数 含义
this(这个) these ( 这
些)
指较近的人和物
that(那个) those ( 那
些)
指较远的人和物
such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物
same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物
it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时
指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。
如:What’s this? / That model plane is made of plastic. (被动句)
/ Remember never to do such things. / Do the same as the teacher tells you.
/ ---Who is it? ---It’s me!
5关系代词用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。
1)关系代who
which
that
whom 等,将定语从句主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一面在从句
担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。
如:The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.
2)关系代词 who / whom 指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。
如:Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat?
3)关系代词 which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。
如:Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?
4)关系代词 that 既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。
如:Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?
6不定代词代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
单数
含义
some
any
no
none
/ / each
every
one either,
neither so the other,
another
复合不
定代词
不可数
含义 much little,
a little all
/ /
/
/
/
复数
含义 many few,
a few ones both others,
the others
注:复合不定代词12 个:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything
(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人),
no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).
1some
any 的用
《2021学年八年级英语寒假讲义(人教版)》第2讲-代词 解析版.docx

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