中考英语复习--现在完成时讲解与练习（无答案）

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现在完成时

现在完成时的构成：助动词 have(has)+

动词的过去分词

动词过去分词的变化规则同过去式的变化规则（played, moved, studied,

stopped）

不规则变化见《不规则动词表》

现在完成时的概念：

1、表示动作在过去发生又在过去完成，但对现在造成了结果或影响。

already（已经，肯定句句中或句尾）,Astronauts have already been to the moon.

yet（已经，疑问句句尾；还，否定句句尾）No one has been to Mars yet.

just（刚刚，肯定句或疑问句句中）I’ve just mad a model spaceship.

before（以前，句尾） Have you ever won any prizes before?

so far（到目前为止，句首或句尾）So far they have learnt to speak Arabic.

recently（近来，肯定句或疑问句句尾 Have you heard from them recently?

in the last few years（在过去的几年里） in the past few years

during the last/past few years

2、现在完成时还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历过或者没有经历过的事情。

ever （曾经，肯定句或疑问句句中）Have you ever thought about other

comptitions?

never（从不，否定句句中） I have never been to the Great Wall.

twice, three times, many times

等次数

时间状语。 They have been to the Summer

Palace twice.

现在完成时的各种句式

肯定句式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。如：

I’ve just made a model spaceship.

#科#网Z#X#X#K]

否定句：主语+have/has+ not+动词过去分词+其他。如：

I haven’t started yet.

一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语代词+have/has.

否定回答：No, 主语代词+haven’t/hasn’t. 如：

--Have you ever won any prizes before?

--No, I haven’t.

-- Has it arrived yet？

--Yes, it has.

现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在。常带有 for 和since 等

表示一段时间的状语，提问常用 how long，意为“多久，多长时间”。，

1、“for+

一段时间

”与现在完成时连用时，表示某事持续了多长时间。

如：They have learned English for six years.他们学英语已经六年了。

2、since

引导的时间状语

也可以和现在完成时连用，表示事情从过去的某个时

间开始持续到现在。其用法为：



介词

since+

过去某一时间点

He has been in China since 2002.



介词

since+

一段时间

+ago She has taught us English since three years ago.



连词

since+

时间状语从句（一般过去时）

We haven’t heard from our English teacher since he moved to Beijing.

瞬间动词和延续性动词

1、在现在完成时的肯定句和疑问句中，要求句中的谓语动词必须是能和一段时

间连用的延续性动词。如果是瞬间动词，要把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词才能

跟表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

I have had the book for two days.（用 had 而不用 bought）

I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两天了。（用 been in 而不用

come to）

2、在否定句中，瞬间动词可以和 for 或since 引导的时间状语连用。如：

I have not seen him for several years.我有好几年没见他了。

由瞬间动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive →be here →been here begin(start)→be on → been on

die →be dead → been dead come back →be back → been back

leave →be away→ been away go out →be out → been out

get up →be up → been up finish →be over → been over

put on →wear 或be on → worn 或been on open →be open → been open

close →be closed → been closed borrow →keep → kept

buy →have → had begin to study →study → studied

get to know →know → known come to work →work → worked

fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) → been ill (sick, asleep)

join →be in 或 be a member of…→ been in 或 been a member of

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) → had(a cold)

have been to, have gone to 和have been in 的区别

1、“have/has been to”表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；

可与 ever ,never, once , several times 等次数连用。如：

Some astronauts have been to the moon twice.

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