M1U1reading 阅读拓展牛津上海版英语八年级下册

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READING

Pollution fighters

1 average /kx-v.1.1(b／adj. around a usual or ordinary level or standard 平均的

The average age of the students is 15．这些学生的平均年龄是 15 岁。

2 item /’aitom/ n. a single article or object. 一件物品

She had the most expensive item on the menu．她吃的是菜单上最贵的菜。

3 product /1prr)drtkt/ n. something that people make or grow to sell 产品

Coffee is Brazil's main product．咖啡是巴西的主要产品。

4 fighter /’faito(r)/ n. a person who fights 斗士；战士

A great fighter never fears．勇敢的战士从不畏惧。

5 fact /fEekt/ n. something that you know has happened or is true 事实

It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health。吸烟危害健康，这是事实。

【记忆】in fact 事实是；事实上

She doesn't like him much --- in fact I think she hates him! 她不太喜欢他；事实上，我认为

她恨他！

I said it was Tuesday, but in fact it was Monday．我说过那天是星期二，但实际上是星期一。

a matter of fact 实际情况；真相

That's a nice place. I'm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact．那地方不错，实际上我

明天就要去那儿。

【近义】truth /tru:0/ n. 事实

【反义】fiction /ffikln/ n. 虚构的事

6 scientist /'saiontist/ n. a person who studies science or works with science 科学家

When will scientists conquer cancer? 科学家们什么时候才能征服癌症呢？

【联想】science /Isaions/ n. 科学；自然科学；理科

scientific /csaion'tifik/ adj. 科学的；关于科学的

7 interested /Iintrostid/ adj. wanting to know more about something or somebody 感兴趣的

Are you interested in cars? 你对轿车感兴趣吗？

【联想】interest /'introst/ n. 兴趣；爱好

interesting /'introstiD／adj．有趣的；使人感兴趣的

【反义】uninterested /rxnIintrostid／adj. 没兴趣的；不感兴趣的

8 (be) interested in give your attention to something because you enjoy doing it

对……感兴趣

I'm very interested in music．我对音乐很感兴趣。

9 notebook /lnoutbuk/ n．a small book where you write things that you want to remember 笔记

本

I've written down all the new words I've learnt in a notebook。我把学过的新单词全都记在一

个笔记本上了。

【提示】note(笔记；注释)+book（书；簿）=notebook(笔记本)。

10 suppose /so'pouz/v．think something to be true（根据所知）认为，推断，料想

Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps．科学家们猜想大型恐龙栖居于沼

泽地中。

I suppose prices will go down．我认为物价会下跌。

11 breathe /bri:6／v. take in or let out air through your nose and mouth 呼吸

The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe．空气非常寒冷，我们几乎不能呼吸。

Most people don't realize that they are breathing polluted air.大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸

着被污染的空气。

【记忆】breathe in 吸入（气体）

His illness is the result of breathing in harmful gases over many years，他的病是多年吸入有

害气体所致。

breathe out 呼出（气体）

Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide．人类吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。

【联心】breath /bre0/n．呼吸

Take a deep breath and say “Ah”. 深吸一口气，然后说“啊”。

12 pure /pjuo(r)/ adj. clean and not containing any harmful substances 纯净的

The air was sweet and pure．空气清新而纯净。

【联想】purely /’pjuoli/ adv．纯粹地；完全地

13 gas /g 越s/ n．anything that is like air 气体

There are several kinds of gas in the air, with nitrogen amounting to the most part．空气中有

几种气体，其中氮所占的比重最大。

【提示】物质都有三态 (the three states of matter)，分别是：gas（气态）、liquid(/likwid/

液态)和solid（/1suljd/固态）。

14 release /ri'li:s/ v. let something/somebody go free 释放；放出

I released the horse and it ran away.我放了这匹马，它跑走了。

Four prisoners were released.四名犯人被释放了。

【近义】let out 释放 give off 释放

【反义】absorb /ob'sa:b/ v．吸收 take in 吸收

15 oxygen /'nksid30ri/ n. a gas present in air and essential for life 氧；氧气

There was a shortage of oxygen at the top of the mountain．山顶上缺氧。

16 hectare /'hcktco( r)/ n. metric measure of area 公顷

【提示】1 hectare=10,000 ㎡

17 produce /pro'dju:s/ v．make or grow something 产生；生产

Gas can be produced from coal.煤气可用煤来生产。

18 alive /a'laiv/ adj. living; not dead 活着；在世

Are your grandparents alive？弥的祖父母还健在吗？

【比较】alive 与 living

两者都有“活着的”意思。通常情况下，alive 作表语(be alive)，而 living 一般放在名词

前作定语。如：

The great man is still alive.那个伟人依然健在。

People haven't found any living creature on other planets.人们尚未在其他行星上发现活的

生物。

19 as well as too 也；还

The captain, as well as the passengers, was saved.船长及乘客们都获救了。

20 natural /'naet．frol/ adj．produced by/concerned with nature 自然的；天然的

Breast milk is the natural food for young babies.母乳是婴儿的天然食物。

【反义】unnatural /An'mietSral/ adj. 不自然的

artificial /ia.ti'fij'I/ adj．人造的；假的

【联想】nature /'neitj'a( r)/儿．自然；自然界；大自然

naturally /'naet frali/ adv.天然地；非人为地

21 air conditioner／’ea kan'dLrona(r)/n．a piece of electrical equipment that makes the

air inside a building, room, or vehicle colder or warmer 空调

This new style of air conditioner is noiseless.这种新型空调没有噪声。

22 warn /wo:n/ v. tell somebody about danger or about something bad that may happen 使警惕；

警告

1 warned him not to go too close to the fireplace.我警告他不要离壁炉太近。

【联想】warning /'w。：n1 日／n．something that warns you 提醒或警告的事物；警示

There is a warning on every packet of cigarettes.每个香烟盒上都有警告字样。

【提示】warn 的基本用法如下：

1) warn somebody of/about something 警告某人某事

I warned you of the danger, didn’t I? 我和你说了危险，不是吗？

2) warn somebody (not) to do something 警告某人（不）要做某事

Doctors warned people not to smoke. 医生警告人们不要吸烟。

3) warn somebody against something/doing something 警告某人不要做某事

They warned him against swimming in the river.他们告诫他不要在那条河里游泳。

4) warn(somebody) that…警告（某人）某事；事先通知

The whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail. 汽笛通知游客船即将启航。

The weather station warned that a storm was coming．气象台预报有暴风雨来临。

23 protect／pr.‘tcl(t／v. keep somebody or something safe 保护

Wear a hat to protect your head against the sun．戴上帽子以免晒到头部。

Parents try to protect their children from danger．父母尽量保护子女远离危险。

【联想】protection／pr。1teⅪn／n．the act of keeping somebody or something safe 保护

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