2021年英语中考阅读理解技巧点拨+语篇精练（无答案）

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中考阅读理解技巧点拨+语篇精练
中考考点要求：
阅读理解题主要考查考生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息的综合语言运用能力，包括阅读、理解、
归纳概括、推理判断以及对材料的评估能力等。
【解题指导】
阅读理解解题方法
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、
归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得
出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示
同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
【考查内容】
1.阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体
裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格
等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。
2.阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理
以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节
文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。
【解题技巧】[来源:学*科*网]
1.主旨题（ To find out the main idea)
其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。
解题技巧为：找主题句。 应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在
短文第一句或最后一句。
主旨题常见题式为：
1.Which is the best title of this passage?
2.The main idea of this passage is_____
3.The passage mainly tells us：_________
例题 1
Happiness is for everyone…
In fact, happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into it…
Happiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heart…
( )Which of the following is this passage about?
A. Bad luck B. Good luck C. Happiness D. Life （
答案为
C）
例题 2
It’s so crowded in Florida! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes…..
( )The paragraph mainly tells us_________.
A. It’s so crowded in Florida.
B. We had to wait a long time . (
答案为
A)
1
例题 3
Now scientists have told us some good news to fight travel sickness. Choose an aisle(过道) seat on a plane,
train and sit in the front of a car. Avoid standing. Always face the same way that you’re travelling and leave
your books at home.
( )The paragraph is mainly about ________ ?
A.Where to sit on a plane B.When to travel
C.How to prevent travel sickness D.Why we shouldn’t stand
例题 4
Six strong men tried to push and pull(拉拽) the bull out, but the bull didn’t move at all and even attacked
them. The men thought carefully and decided to fill the bull’s milk bottle with milk then used it to lead
the bull out. It worked at last. Sometimes we meet with troubles. Maybe at first you find it difficult to deal
with a problem. But thinking in different ways may lead you to the solution.
( )What does this paragraph want to tell us?
A. Experience is the best teacher. B.Something tried, something done.
C. It’s dangerous to make a bull angry. D.When a usual way can’t help, try another way
→主旨大意隐含在全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也
不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
2.细节题( To look for details)
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。
解题技巧为： 快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。
例题 1
Peter started playing for the local club when he was only 10 years old in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team
that won the World Cup for Brazil again. He finally stopped playing in1977.
How many years did Peter play football?
________________________________(
答案为
29 years。抓住两个年份数字 1977-1948)
细节题中的难点常为此类问题：
Which of the following is True/Not True?
这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。解题技巧为：仔细
回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于 4道。
例题 2
It seems that everybody tells lies- well, not big lies, but what we call “white lies” .Telling white lies isn't
that bad. Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship.
( )Which of the following is not True:
A. White lies are not big lies. B. In fact, everybody tells lies .
C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship. D. White lies are harmful to friendship.
（答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。） （
答案为
D）
例题 3
Assistant Needed
An assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut. He/She must be healthy and should have an interest in making
pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.
Tel: 021-23432569.
( )This advertisement tells us that _______.
A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. the assistant must be good at making pizza .D. Work experience isn’t necessary.
2
→定位--抓住选项中的关键词, 回原文中找到相关句。
3. 推断题（ To infer a conclusion)
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和
倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。
常见题式：
From the passage we know that______
From the passage we can infer(推断) that___
注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。
例题 1
The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her.
( )From this sentence know__________.
A. my sister didn't like this medicine B. my sister took the medicine
C. the medicine made my sister sick D. my sister got better now
（根据后半句的 but it did nothing to her 推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。） （
答案为
D）
例题 2
Duke Ellington is known as one of the most important composers(作曲家) of his time, and his works have
been enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over the world. During his lifetime Ellington
turned musical sounds into many compositions, mostly in the style of Jazz
( )We may infer from the passage that ___________.
A.Ellington’s works disappeared quickly. B. Ellington loves travelling around the world.
C.Ellington could compose all kinds of songs. D.Ellington had a great influence on the world of
music
→根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句, 进行合理推断、概括的选项为正确
答案
4.猜测词义题( To guess the meaning)
猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。
解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。
常见题式如下：
The word “…” in the passage probably means_________.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
What does the word “…”mean______.
The underlined(划线的) word means___ ______
例题 1
Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
( )The underlined(划线的) word means_________
A. animals B. plants C. Humans D. toys （由 dogs and monkeys 可推断出，
答案为
A ）
例题 2
You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive.
( )What’s the meaning of the underlined word “defensive” ? ________
A.易怒的 B.攻击性的 C.外向的 D.有戒心的
→利用因果关系猜测词义
例题 3
Now there are many houses around the lake. People often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other
chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects. There are also many businessmen.
3
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