2021年人教版中考英语热门语法现在完成时专项讲解与训练

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中考英语热门语法 现在完成时专项讲解与训练
Past and present
一、定义
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的
动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加 ed;
不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。
现以 see the film 为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下：
肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.
否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.
He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.
疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t.
Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.
二、用法
用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 just（刚刚），already（已
经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），
many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three
years（最近三年来）等连用。
※ 副词的位置：
①just 常用于肯定句中，放在 have / has 后，He has just come .
②never 表示否定, 放在 have / has 后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ever 用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人
过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？
④before 用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.
⑤yet 用于句末或 not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.
⑥already 用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.
⑦so far 用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.
用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：
① for（介）＋表示一段时间的词语 I have taught English for 19 years。
② since（介）＋表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this school since 1986.
③ since（连）＋表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.
④ since（介）＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.
三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须是表示
延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：
be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，slee
p，drive，write，do，clean 等。
I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?
四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。如
this morning，today，this week，these days
He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.（说话时间在上午）
He wrote two letters this morning.（说话时间在下午或晚上）
英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做
“非延续性动词”，常见的有：
come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get
up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive 等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还
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存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。He has come back.（√）He has come
back for two hours.（×）
※ 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如
I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.
五、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all one’s life）相矛盾
时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:
（1）用副词 ago 把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.
He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为:He came back two weeks ago.（正）
I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）
（2）用“It is / has been＋时间＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。
He has joined the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League.
I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）
He has died for 20 years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）
（3）用“时间＋has passed＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。
He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.
He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.
（4）用系表结构来改写.
He has died for 20 years. 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.
The factory has opened since 1999. 改为:The factory has been open since 1999.
How long has he left? 改为:How long has he been away?
（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。
He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.
常见的相应转换形式如下:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over,
arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,
begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed,
die→be dead , leave→be away（from）,
go to school→be in school / be a student, get up→be up,
fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to know→know,
lose→be lost, become→be,
return / come back / get back→be back,
join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier,
receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study,
他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:
He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.
He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.
He joined the army three years ago.
It is three years since he joined the army.
Three years has passed since he joined the army.
（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He _____ _____ _____ our village since two years ago.
（2）He left home three days ago=He_____ _____ _____ _____ home for 3 days.
（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=I_____ _____ the watch since 2 weeks ago.
（4）It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=I_____ _____ the book for 5 days.
（5）The film has begun= The film_____ _____ _____ for half an hour.
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2021年人教版中考英语热门语法现在完成时专项讲解与训练.doc

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作者：envi 分类：初中 价格：3知币 属性：6 页 大小：82KB 格式：DOC 时间：2025-04-05

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