2021年江苏省中考英语复习学案——现在完成时态（有答案）

3.0 envi 2025-04-05 5 4 139KB 9 页 3知币
侵权投诉
现在完成时态
【知识梳理】
一、定义：
(1)表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
例：Eddie has eaten my food.
(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)——影响
(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
例：Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.
Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.
(3)表示发生了几次。 注：次数前不可以加 for
二、构成：
(1)肯定：主语+has/have +动词的过去分词 注：这里的 have/has 是助动词
否定：主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词
疑问：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词？ Yes，sb have/has./ No,sb haven’t/hasn’t
注：缩略形式： they have=they’ve; he has=he’s
(2)过去分词规则类变化与过去式变化一样：
①直接+ed ②以 e结尾，加 d ③以重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾字母+ed
不规则类详见书后不规则动词表格
三、关键词：
(1)already, yet
already 与yet 用法区别:
already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet 用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
练习：I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句)
I worked out the math problem .
have not; yet
(2)since； for
A：since 的用法①since 后面加点时间，如 since nearly three years ago 或since2008.
②since 引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
B：for 的用法：for 后加一段时间。
since/for 可以通过 ago 进行同义句转换。for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago
例：They have learned English for ten years.
=________________________________________________________
They have learned English since ten years ago.
练习：用 for, since, ago 填空。
1.Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday.
2.Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built.
3.Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years.
4.I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.
5.My parents has been married since twenty years ________.
6.My cousin joined the army three months ________.
since;since;for;for;ago;ago
1
C:对since 和for 的提问用 how long
练习：
㈠They have worked in the factory since ten months
ago.=___________________________________________
They have worked in the factory for ten years
㈡I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday. B
A. for B. since C. from D. on
(3)never, ever,
(4)three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice 等)
(5)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now
四、have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in 的区别：
(1)have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。如：
The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.
(2)have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。如：
---Where is your uncle? --- He has gone to the supermarket.
(3)have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。
练习：
用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
Keys: has, gone , has gone, has, been, has been ,have ,been , has ,been, has been.
五、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
(1)现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词
不能和一段时间连用。如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。
误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks.
正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks.
(2)非延续性动词与
一段时间状语（
for+
一段时间、
since
）
连用时可采用将非延续性动词转
化为延续性动词的方式。如：come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--
have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away 等。
注：非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。
非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式
borrow keep She has kept this book for three weeks.
2
leave be away They have been away from home for two days.
arrive/reach/get/move be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month.
come/go be in/at My mum has been in Beijing for two months.
begin/start be on The film has been on for an hour.
stop/finish/end be over The meeting has been over for two hours.
die be dead The lamb has been dead for some time.
join be in/ Simon has been a member of the Football Club
since last year.
become be How long has your sister been a teacher?
open be open The shop has been open for ten hours.
close be closed The market has been closed since 2010.
buy have He has had this motorcycle for two years.
fall asleep be asleep The dog has been asleep for several hours.
catch a cold have a cold How long have you had a cold?
fall ill be ill Mike has been ill for ten years.
get married be married They have been married for fifteen years.
get up be up They have been up for two hours.
come back be back The lost cat has been back since last night.
go out be out The old man has been out since last Friday.
3
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作者：envi 分类：初中 价格：3知币 属性：9 页 大小：139KB 格式：DOC 时间：2025-04-05

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