专题15 阅读理解之说明文-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）（原卷版）

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专题 15 阅读理解之说明文

例1 （2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Technology and sustainability(可持续性) are two driving forces in

the world today. For the agriculture department, sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend, and

farmers should follow it.

The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.

Smart irrigation

Crops need water—that’s needless to say. However, how they get water is another story.

With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology

can report soil moisture( 湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take

care of crops in a more efficient way. For example, most crops have specific requirements for temperature and

moisture. The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops’ growing

environments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste of water.

Drones

Drones’ abilities get them a place on this list. They can do a lot and most importantly, they can make the

boring and tiring farm work much easier.

These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at

home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers

can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.

Data and software

Data is rich in this tech-driven world. Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmers

plant, harvest and water.

As computers gather information, they report it all back to a central system. So when farmers learn in which

area crop health needs to improve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) more efficiently, causing less waste.

The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs, labor and energy. And they can contribute to the

final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment. As these new technologies continue to

develop, we are sure to have a cleaner environment.

Sustainable agricultural technology is the future—and it will change the game.

1．According to the passage, smart irrigation can ________.

A．make full use of every drop of rain

B．decide crops’ growing environment

C．help farmers water the crops when necessary

D．support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently

2．From “Drones” part, we can learn that ________.

A．drones can help provide water and fertilizer

B．drones help farm work in a more efficient way

C．farmers can fly in their drones to check on crops

D．farmers can record the details about their drones

3．What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability?

A．To help us have a better environment. B．To make farmers work more efficiently.

C．To raise the production of crops quickly. D．To reduce farmers’ boring and tiring work.

4．The passage is mainly to ________.

A．think highly of the agriculture department

B．make sustainable agriculture technologies better

C．change farmers’ misunderstanding of agriculture technologies

D．stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture

例2（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Being sad or in a low mood is a normal (正常的) part of life. Many

people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face challenging events in their lives, such as

financial(经济的) difficulty or major changes, it’s common to feel down. But in most cases the bad feelings slowly

disappear.

As for depression(抑郁症), however, the bad mood lasts for weeks, months, or even longer because it is a

mental(精神的) illness. As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in

different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long

time and greatly harms a person’s ability at work or school or in the daily life. People with depression usually don’t

like to talk about their problems with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself.

“Depression is not just a bout(一阵) of sadness or a sign of weakness, and you can’t just simply stop feeling

depressed.” said the health news website www.mayoclinie.com.

But depression is not a person’s problem. It’s also more common than most people think. It is hurting about

280 million people around the world, according to WHO.

Though depression is worrying, we don’t have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting

professional(专业的) help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel the danger

of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself. Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing

some pictures might help you feel better. Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low mood,

having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak, it

makes us human.

5．Who is most probably experiencing depression?

A．Lily, who is going to have an important exam and hasn’t slept well for 3 days.

B．May, who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.

C．Ben, who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past month.

D．Tom, who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.

6．What does the writer think of depression?

A．Normal and nothing serious. B．Uncommon although harmful.

C．Unavoidable and untreatable. D．Treatable although worrying.

7．What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Knowledge of depression. B．Ways of treating depression.

C．Reasons for depression. D．Results of depression.

例3（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）Ancient art doesn’t have to be boring. Technology in the 21st century

can help to bring it to life by combining(融合) the best of the old and the new.

Along the River During the Qingming Festival

Walking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, people were amazed by seeing a huge digital(数码

的) painting. Scientists digitized( 数码化) the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festisal by

Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.

The original( 原先的) painting shows life during the Northern Song period and it includes many details of

ancient Chinese customs, lifestyles and technology.

Farmers work in the fields, sailors move around their boats and people eat and do business in

restaurants. Parts of the background are also animated(做成动画). You can see the wind blowing through the trees

and across the water. These animations perfectly combine modern technology and ancient art.

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