Unit 1单元话题阅读理解专项练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

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Unit 1 单元话题阅读理解专项练习

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（2022·湖南师大附中高二期中）Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions

to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the

world.

Wu Chienshiung (1912—1997)

Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s

first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led

to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked.

Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)

Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart

and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer,

developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless

technology.

Katherine Johns (1918—2020)

African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US

astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for

mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”.

Tu Youyou (1930—)

Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two

other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved

millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first

female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.

1．Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) ________.

A．composer B．producer C．actress D．mathematician

2．What is Tu Youyou’s greatest contribution to the world?

A．She treated people for cancer. B．She is the first Chinese Nobel winner.

C．Her discovery helped save millions. D．Her research project is one of a kind.

3．What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text?

A．They shared the same interest. B．They each constructed a theory.

C．They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. D．They all made a difference to the world.

（2022·全国·高二课时练习）Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C

virus (丙型肝炎病毒) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020. This prize will be

shared by Michael Houghton, from the United Kingdom, and United States scientists Harvey J. Alter and Charles

M. Rice, who all made notable contributions toward the discovery of the blood-born virus that causes chronic ( 慢

性的) liver problems.

Alter demonstrated in the 1970s that some people who received blood transfusions ( 输血 ) would develop

cases of hepatitis that were not caused by the hepatitis A or B viruses, suggesting that another infectious agent was

to blame. In the 1980s, Houghton managed to isolate (分离) the genetic sequence of the virus, while Rice proved

that the pathogen( 病原体 ) could replicate and cause infection. The World Health Organization estimates that

around 71 million people worldwide live with hepatitis C, which can cause major liver complications ( 并发症)

and, in some cases, death.

The Nobel Assembly said the three researchers had contributed to a “landmark achievement in the ongoing

battle against viral diseases”. “The discovery of hepatitis C virus revealed the cause of the remaining cases of

chronic hepatitis and made blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives possible, ” the

assembly said in a statement. “Thanks to their discovery, highly sensitive blood tests for the virus are now

available and these have essentially eliminated post-transfusion hepatitis in many parts of the world, greatly

improving global health. ” The assembly said that the discoveries performed by the newly minted Nobel Laureates

also allowed for the rapid development of antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C ．“For the first time in history,

the disease can now be cured, raising hopes of eradicating hepatitis C virus from the world population”, the

statement said.

The award for physiology and medicine is the first of the Nobel Prizes to be handed out this year, with prizes

in physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economics to follow during the next seven days.

4．What was the important discovery of three scientists?

A．The hepatitis A virus

B．The hepatitis B virus

C．The hepatitis C virus.

D．The risk of blood transfusions.

5．Who succeeded in extracting the sequence of the virus?

A．Michael Houghton

B．Harvey J. Alter

C．Charles M. Rice

D．The World Health Organization

6．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．The significance of the discovery.

B．The course of the discovery.

C．The disadvantage of the discovery.

D．The harm of the hepatitis.

7．What does the underlined word “eradicating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Discovering. B．Knowing.

C．Analysing. D．Getting rid of.

（2022· 四川广安 ·高二期末） In 1945, 23-year-old Joan Hinton was one of the few female nuclear

physicists joining in the Manhattan Project, an American project set up in 1942 to develop an atom bomb. Even as

she rejoiced in the project’s success, she was deeply shocked when the U.S. dropped two bombs in Japan in 1945

during World War II. She then quit the project and left the U.S..

In 1948, she managed to travel to Yan’an, where she married her boyfriend Erwin Engst. Her husband got his

first impressions of China from the book Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow. He came to China as a member of

the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1946 and went on to serve as an expert on farm

equipment in Yan’an. “My father kept on writing letters to my mom, telling her to come to China and that ‘China

was about to climb a hill. If you arrive late, you’ll miss the bus’,” Fred Engst, son of Hinton, said.

Hinton and her husband lived a simple life in China. During her time in Yan’an, she only stood out as a

foreigner, dressed in ordinary clothes. The villagers treated the U.S. scientist like they would be a family member.

During one Chinese New Year’s party in the village she lived in, Hinton shared her sense of humor by amusing

the locals with her performances using a northern Shaanxi dialect (方言).

The couple witnessed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Hinton, who held high

hopes of making milk available to the Chinese population, devoted herself to the improvement of agricultural

machinery and the milk industry at large. She applied her scientific skills to developing a continuous-flow

automatic milk pasteurizer (巴氏杀菌机) and tending to about 200 cows in the following years.

Hinton was truly devoted to everything she did, whether in nuclear physics or the milk industry.

8．What does the underlined part “rejoiced in” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Showed surprise about. B．Felt joy at.

C．Expressed anger over. D．Showed disappointment with.

9．What is the villagers’ attitude to the U.S. scientists in China?

A．Friendly. B．Rude. C．Concerned. D．Uncaring.

10．What contribution did Hinton make to China?

A．She contributed the development of nuclear physics.

B．She pushed forward the development of cattle farming.

C．She helped cows give birth to more healthy babies.

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