Unit 1 单元话题阅读理解练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第二册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

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Unit 1 Science and Scientists

单元话题阅读理解专项练习

(名校最新真题)

（2022·广西·南宁三中高二期中）To solve the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in

the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a

sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a

specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.

Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the project. A decade ago, he chose to focus on the

problem posed by microplastics. They’re everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop

mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in

the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.

In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers stuck onto each of four different types of plastic. And after a

week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasn’t much—only by percent. But

that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down. They also caused the surface of the plastic to

change from smooth to rough. That’s another sign that the robots were degrading ( 分解) it. The new study is a

proof of concept type. That means it shows something can be done successfully.

In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these

microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this

system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a

wastewater-treatment plant. “Indeed,” says one researcher. “We’ll need a lot of testing to show that they’re safe in

open waterways, such as at sea.”

1．What does the underlined word “brainchild” in paragraph 1 refer to?.

A．idea B．hope C．project D．routine

2．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2?

A．The purpose of Pumera’s project.

B．The preciousness of drinking water.

C．The seriousness of plastic pollution.

D．The working principle of the microrobots.

3．What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments?

A．The weight loss of the plastics.

B．The disappearance of the plastics.

C．The shape change of the microrobots.

D．The improvement in the quality of water.

4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Ways to Obtain Cleaner Drinking Water

B．Microrobots Invented to Treat Wastewater

C．New Hope for the Solution to Plastic Pollution

D．Technology Widely Applied in Environment Protection

（2022·湖南· 邵东市第一中学高二阶段练习）Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from

materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles

began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared

the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.

California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities

across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it

takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse,

depending on how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),

policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排

放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make

sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where

most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed

highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They

take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for

parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.

The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have

already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars

worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%

and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure( 基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and

cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be

fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and

maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more

people become comfortable with the technology.

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t

extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological

advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more

people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.

5．As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?

A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management.

6．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ________.

A．help deal with transportation-related problems B．provide better services to customers

C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs

7．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced.

8．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?

A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.

（2022·山东师范大学附中高二阶段练习）How intelligent can a computer be? May be you can get the

answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child

and the Internet.

If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kid’s huge memory. It can recite many

facts. For example, Smarter Child knows every baseball player in every team this season.

He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if

you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get strange answers. A question about Smarter Child’s age returns,

“One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asking where he lives, “In a clean room in a high-tech

building in California.”

Smarter Child uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions

about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits

www.intellicast.com.

Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the

combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, if

Smarter Child wants to think and learn on his own like the boy-computer David in the movie A．I. Artificial

Intelligence, he must solve two problems.

The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways.

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