《2022届高考英语复习精讲与精练》（学生版）第二章名词精讲与精练

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第二章名词精讲与精练

一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空

It was late at night.Two[1]_________(German) were sleeping in their room

when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room

to try his luck. She had three [2]___________(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do?

Many [3]_________(thief) usually bring [4]________(knife) with them,” She thought in

[5]______ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a [6]________(sport) suit. It

seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two

[7]__________(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for [8]_________(money) or

some [9]___________(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and

called the [10]_______ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so

scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police

caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience.

二、名词考点精讲：

名词考点 1、名词的数

1.名词的分类：

(1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。

①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词 the,如：the Great Wall。

②the+姓氏名复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。

(2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和

集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。

①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如 car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)

②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政

府)、group(集团)

③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如 fire(火)、steel(钢)、air

(空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)

④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life

(生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)

2.可数名词复数的变化规则

(1).一般情况加 s : book-- books，house---houses

(2).以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加 es: class--- classes，box----boxes，match----matches

(3).辅音字母+ y 结尾的变 y为 i加es: city---cities country----countries，factory----factories

(4).以 o 结尾的词：有生命的词加 es,无生命的词加 s: hero---heroes,potato---potatoes，

radio-- radios, zoo---zoos, piano---pianos，photo---photos

例外: bamboo---bamboos

(5).以f, fe 结尾的变 f或fe 为v加es: thief--thieves, wife--wives, life--lives, knife--knives

例外：belief--beliefs roof--roofs gulf--gulfs

3.可数名词的不规则变化

(1).常见的不规则变化名词

child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

(2).单复数同形的名词

Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works(工厂),means,fish，deer,sheep

一句话记忆：Some Chinese,Japanese and Swiss keep some fish,deer and sheep in this works by

this means.

(3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有复数形式。

(4)以s结尾，但仍然为单数。例如：

①maths, politics,physics 等学科名词。

②news 是不可数名词

③the United States, the United Nations 应视为单数。

名词考点 2、名词作定语

(1)名词作定语一般用单数。例如：paper money, an evening paper, city life, office work

(2)用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting, sales man/woman/girl(男/女售货员), goods train(货

车)，customs papers(海关文件) 【注意：其中 goods 和customs 本身就带有 s】

(3)数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用复数加“’”.例

如：

例如：a five-year-plan, a five years’ plan

(4)man 和woman 做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单复数变化而变化。

例如：A man/woman teacher--two men/women teachers

名词考点 3、名词所有格

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