《2022届高考英语复习精讲与精练》（教师版）第二章 名词精讲与精练

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第二章 名词精讲与精练
一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空
It was late at night.Two[1]_________(German) were sleeping in their room
when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room
to try his luck. She had three [2]___________(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do?
Many [3]_________(thief) usually bring [4]________(knife) with them,” She thought in
[5]______ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a [6]________(sport) suit. It
seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two
[7]__________(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for [8]_________(money) or
some [9]___________(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and
called the [10]_______ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so
scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police
caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience.
Keys:1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money
9.jewels/jewelry【jewel 的复数直接加 s;jewelry 为不可数名词，表示 jewel 的总称。】
10.police【police 可以表示警察，警方，警察部门； call the police 报警】
二、名词考点精讲：
名词考点 1、名词的数
1.名词的分类：
(1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。
①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词 the,如：the Great Wall。
②the+姓氏名复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。
(2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和
集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如 car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)
②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政
府)、group(集团)
③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如 fire(火)、steel(钢)、air
(空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life
(生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)
2.可数名词复数的变化规则
(1).一般情况加 s : book-- books，house---houses
(2).以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加 es: class--- classes，box----boxes，match----matches
(3).辅音字母+ y 结尾的变 y为 i加es: city---cities country----countries，factory----factories
(4).以 o 结尾的词：有生命的词加 es,无生命的词加 s: hero---heroes,potato---potatoes;radio--
radios, zoo---zoos, piano---pianos. photo---photos
例外: bamboo---bamboos
(5).以f, fe 结尾的 变 f或fe 为v +es: thief--thieves, wife--wives, life--lives, knife--knives
例外：belief--beliefs roof--roofs gulf--gulfs
3.可数名词的不规则变化
(1).常见的不规则变化名词
child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
(2).单复数同形的名词
Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works(工厂),means,fish，deer,sheep
一句话记忆：Some Chinese,Japanese and Swiss keep some fish,deer and sheep in this works by
this means.
(3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有复数形式。
(4)以s结尾，但仍然为单数。例如：
①maths, politics,physics 等学科名词。
②news 是不可数名词
③the United States, the United Nations 应视为单数。
名词考点 2、名词作定语
(1)名词作定语一般用单数。例如：paper money, an evening paper, city life, office work
(2)用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting, sales man/woman/girl(男/女售货员), goods train(货
车)，customs papers(海关文件) 【注意：其中 goods 和customs 本身就带有 s】
(3)数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用复数加“’”.例
如：
例如：a five-year-plan, a five years’ plan
(4)man 和woman 做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单复数变化而变化。
例如：A man/woman teacher--two men/women teacher
名词考点 3、名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式：’+s 式和 of 式。
(1)一般说来，表示有生命的名词和表示时间，国家，距离等名词的所有格用’+s 式,例如：
Mary’s mother, today’s news。
(2)表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用 of 式，例如:the cover of the book。
(3)双重所有格：例如：a friend of my father’s, a friend of mine。
三、名词应考技巧：
1、在语法填空题中，空格处作主语和宾语时，常用名词，考虑把提示词改为名词形式；如
果给的是就是名词，则考虑用名词复数形式，这时注意修饰语。
2、在改错题中，重点考虑不可数名词是否是用了复数形式，可数名词该用复数的是否用了
单数。
四、考点精练
（一）单句语法填空
1.【2021·全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates
and 49 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily
routines. key: watchtowers
2. 【2021· 全 国 乙 卷 】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to
become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the
local areas.
key: development
3. 【2021·全国乙卷】 69 (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking( 远足 )and
accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. key: Activities
4. 【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you
how tiny we 57 (human) are. key: humans
5. 【2021·浙江高考卷】In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,
who performed their 38 （marry）ceremony in 1842. key:marriage
6. 【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】 Chinese New Year is a 61.　　　　 (celebrate) marking the end of the
winter season and the beginning of spring. key:celebration
7. 【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Filled with 　 64 　 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
《2022届高考英语复习精讲与精练》（教师版）第二章 名词精讲与精练.docx

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作者：envi 分类：高中 价格：3知币 属性：7 页 大小：23.54KB 格式：DOCX 时间：2025-05-08

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